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Elderly female patient noticed blood in urine. (Anatomy of Urinary…
Elderly female patient noticed blood in urine.
Anatomy of Urinary
urethra
urethral opening
urinary bladder
renal pelvis
ureters
capsular space
kidney
glomerulus
bowmans capsule
Nephron loop
DCT & PCT
collecting duct
renal sinus
renal papilla
renal pyramids
renal columns
minor and major calyces
corticolmedullary junction
fibrous capsule
renal artery and vein
Functions of Urinary
eliminate waste from body
regulate blood volume and pressure
control levels of electrolytes and metabolites
regulate blood pH.
Nephron Structure
renal corpsule
afferent and efferent
glomerulus
vascular pole
capsular space
glomerular capsule
visceral layer
parietal layer
renal tubule
PCT
Nephron loop
ascending and descending limbs
thick and thin segments
DCT
cortex and medulla.
cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons
Gen. Info
.
DM 2
blood sugar is too high. not making enough insulin
hypertension
high blood pressure. lead to severe health conditions like cardiovascular disease.
osteoporosis
low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue leading to fragility
Filtration
movement of substances like water, ketones, small proteins, amino acids, ions, etc. from blood within glomerulus into capsular space.
DM 2
can cause damage to blood vessels in kidneys that filter waste from your blood leading to kidney damage.
osteoperosis
affect renal function. abnormal levels of hormones causing calcium and phosphate to be out of balance.
Secretion
movement of substances like potassium and hydrogen ions from the blood into the tubular fluid.
high blood pressure can cause arteries in kidney to weaken and harden. higher levels of aldosterone
hypertension
uncontrolled high blood pressure can cause arteries to weaken and wont be able to deliver blood to tissues.
Reabsorption
movement of substances like amino acids, bicarbonate, sodium, calcium, etc. from the tubular fluid back into the blood.
female patient finding blood in her urine and her history is what should be considered in her case
metabolic bone dieases and high blood pressure
high blood glucose can cause damage to blood vessels. albumin ends up in urine
increase risk of hip fracture. parathyroid hormone released into bloodstream causing bone disorder and kidney unable to balance minerals
-hypertension won't be able to filter blood well.
-osteoporosis can lead to chronic pain and possibly long-term disability.
-DM 2 can lead to kidney disease, low blood glucose levels, and risk of heart attacks and strokes.
all different conditions the patient has affects the kidneys. having high blood pressure affects ones who have diabetes or who are obese to have cardiovascular disease. an increase in calcium due to hypertension can accelerate to osteoporosis.
possibly a urinary tract infection might of caused blood to appear in urine. hematuria perhaps allows leakage of blood cells into urine.
overtime the kidney will not function properly and lead to discomfort from needing to urine. you can possibly get cancer as well