Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Community Ecology (Beneficial interactions between species (mutualistic…
Community Ecology
Beneficial interactions between species
minimizing cost
symbioses between root nodules
myorrhizal associations
one helps another without benefits
example
beavers dam used by other organisms
facilitation
new created substrates
animals become established
mutualistic relationship
benefits both species involved
example
pollinators and the plants
natural selection benefits
mutation that reduce costs and minimize benefits
Food Chain and Food Web
Food Web
energy food web
network of numerous interrelationships
keystone species
most important organism in the given ecosystem
holds the communities together
usually top predetor
if removed, ecosystem could collapse
wolves, beaver
Food chain
set of organisms
direct line of consumption
all three level
simplest communities
three tropic levels
primary producer
usually plants
primary consumer
herbivores
secondary consumer
carnivores
Diversity
Diversity and Scale
Larger area are more diverse
large population= less likely to die
more variations
geology
topography
differ in types of soil
species area relationship
S=cA^Z
species abundance distribution
Diversity and Latitude
varies with latitude
tropical region
benign enviroments
near equator
higher altitude
more severe conditions
communities
more than one species
some habitats are more diverse
leads to habitat loss
Predator-Prey Interaction
Competition between species
often compete for same resources
interspecies competition
plants compete for
light
minerals
water
exploitation competition
organisms consume shared resources
interference competition
resources restrict to one species
one predator, one prey
Two fundamental aspects
predator feeding rate
amount of time needed
predators functional response
depends on prey density
primary producer
important
usually plants
attacked by primary consumer
more species
more competition, slow growth
Lodka-Volterra model
dN/dt=rN-aNP
simple
apparent competition
prey species share predator
low prey pop = low predators pop
plant species usually not involved