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Chapter 43 (Adaptive Immunity (Adaptive Immunity Defends Against Infection…
Adaptive Immunity
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Antigen Recognition by B Cells, Antibodies and T Cells
Antibody- a secrete protein also, known as immunoglobulin (Ig), antibodies provide a direct defense against pathogens in body fluids
Each B cell antigen receptor is a Y-shaped protein consisting of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy chains and two identical heavy chains
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Adaptive immunity- molecular recognition relies on a vast arsenal of receptors each of which recognizes a future typically found only on a particular part of a particular molecule in a particular pathogen
Innate Immunity
Cellular Innate Defenses
Macrophages- large phagocytic cells, migrate throughout the body, whereas others reside permanently in organs and tissues where they are likely to encounter pathogens
Dendritic cells- mainly populate tissues, such as skin, that contact the environment, they stimulate adaptive immunity against pathogens that they encounter
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Inflammatory Response
Inflammatory response- a set of events triggered by signaling molecules released upon injury or infection
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Neutrophils- circulate in the blood, are attracted by signals from infected tissues and then engulf and destroy the infecting pathogens
Natural killer cells- cells that circulate throughout the body and detect the abnormal array of surface proteins characteristic of some virus-infected and cancerous cells
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Innate immunity- includes barrier defenses, molecular recognition relies on a small set of receptor proteins that bind to molecules or structures that are absent from animal bodies but common to a group of viruses, bacteria, or other pathogens
Recognition and Response
Pathogen- a bacterium, fungus, virus, or other disease-causing agent- the internal environment of an animal offers a ready source of nutrients, a protected setting, and a means of transport to new environments
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