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Elderly female with history of osteoporosis, chronic type 2 diabetes…
Elderly female with history of osteoporosis, chronic type 2 diabetes mellitus, and high blood pressure. Noticed blood in urine. Doctor concerned about effect of BP on kidneys and effects of low kidney function.
Upstream Causes
High Blood Pressure: Can cause arteries around the kidneys to narrow, weaken, or harden
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Background Information
Structure of Nephron
Microscopic structural and functional unit of the kidney that separates water/ions/small molecules from the blood/ filters out wastes and toxins and returns needed molecules to the blood
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Osteoporosis: Disease in which the bone density and quality of bone are reduced and occurs slightly and progressively
Blood is filtered through three layers: endothelial cells of capillary wall, a basement membrane, and between the foot processes of podocytes of the lining of the capsule
Proximal Convoluted Tubule: Folded structure connected to Bowman's capsule that promotes selective reabsorption
Distal Convoluted Tubule: Folded structure connected to the Loop of Henle where further selective reabsorption
Proximal Tubule Section: Responsible for the transport of certain molecules out of the blood and into the urine
Hypertension: excessive force on arterial walls and vessel walls. can lead to severe health complications and increase risk of heart disease/stroke/death
Diabetes Mellitus 2: A chronic disease that is characterized by high blood sugar that starts in middle to late adulthood