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An elderly female patient with a history of osteoporosis, chronic type II…

- - - - kidney damage
        
        wont filter blood
        
        waste build up in body
        
        damaged kidneys wont regulate blood pressure
- - - - Urinary Bladder
        
        Urethra
        
        transports urine for the urinary bladder to the exterior of the body
        
        expandable, muscular, retroperitoneal organ that serves as a reservoir for urine
      - connects the kidney to urinary bladder
        
        allows passage of urine to the bladder
    - - renal columns
        
        renal pyramids
        
        renal papilla
      - Nephron
        
        renal corpuscle
        
        glomerulus
        
        a cluster of capillary loops enclosed by Bowman's capsule
        
        responsible for the filtration of the plasma
        
        Bowman's capsule
        
        visceral layer
        
        composed of specialized epithelial cells known as podocytes
        
        parietal layer
        
        composed of simple squamous epithelial cells
        
        proximal convoluted tubule
        
        loop of Henle
        
        distal convoluted tubule
        
        juxtaglomerular apparatus
        
        near the vascular pole of the glomerulus
        
        secretion of renin, which regulates systemic blood pressure via the renin-angiotensin-alodosterone system
        
        macula densa
        
        collecting ducts
        
        2 more items...
        
        reabsorption and secretion of ions occurs here
        
        right next to the glomerulus and forms the juxtaglomerular apparatus
        
        pars recta
        
        thin descending limb
        
        thin ascending limb
        
        1 more item...
        
        run in parallel to capillary loops known as the vasa recta
        
        serves to create high osmotic pressure in the renal medulla via the counter-current multiplier system
        
        first segment of renal tubule
        
        begins at the urinary pole of the glomerulus
        
        where the majority (65%) of the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed
        
        leads into a straight segment that descends into the medulla within a medullary ray and becomes the loop of Henle
        
        the microscopic filtration unit
    - - corticomedullary junction
      - medullary pyramids
- - - - density and quality are reduced
- - - - causes waste to build up in the body
- - - - pressure from full bladder can damage kidneys
        
        which leads to urinary tract infections
        
        could end up in kidneys
        
        a reduced amount of urine
- - - - immobilization
        
        bone fractures
      - vitamin D deficency
- - - - persistent nausea