Transport urine from being made to being stored until release

Relaxation and contraction for store/ release of urine"

Passively separates H2O and dissolved solutes from blood plasma (filtrate)

Most frequently in wrist, hip, and vertebral column

Decreased insulin effectiveness at peripheral tissues

Can damage blood vessels and lead to cardiovascular disease

Increasing urine output can lower both blood volume and blood pressure.

Increased urine production and dehydration are symptoms of diabetes mellitus.

Kidneys synthesize the final enzyme in calcitriol formation. Calcitriol increases the absorption of calcium to increase blood calcium concentration. If you have kidney damage this can cause osteoporosis.

Hypertension is a large reason for kidney failure. It can cause arteries around the kidney to narrow, weaken, or harden. Damaged kidneys do not filter blood well which can lead to the blood in her urine. Hypertension can cause increased glomerular permeability.

Damaged kidneys and abnormal hormone levels cause calcium and phosphorus imbalances. Mineral and bone disorders are common with kidney damage because of low glomerular filtration rate.

High levels of glucose with DM can damage millions of filtering units and blood vessels within each kidney. Over time it can cause the vessels to become narrow and clogged. Can cause an abnormal amount of ketones in the urine or increase in other fluid output

The progression to blood in her urine should be evaluated and what is further breaking down in her kidneys to have this happen.

All of these conditions are putting weight on the kidneys functions. The kidney is working over time to try and just keep the patient alive. With little filtration and barely functioning, if this patient does not change her diet, start minimal exercise, and monitor her insulin, her kidney will shut down completely. Her body is not receiving the essential nutrients it needs as well as hormones or ions to keep her blood viscosity and volume at natural levels.