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Urinary Case Map (background information (The filtration, reabsorption,…
Urinary Case Map
background information
How are blood pressure, kidney function, and bone mass related
When the kidneys are damaged, the parathyroid gland releases parathyroid hormone into the blood to pull calcium from the bones and raise blood calcium levels. This response restores the balance of phosphorus and calcium; however, it also starves the bones of much-needed calcium.
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Chronic kidney disease is kidney damage that occurs slowly over many years, often due to diabetes or high blood pressure. Once damaged, the kidneys can’t filter blood as they should
General anatomy of the urinary system 
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Bladder. This triangle-shaped, hollow organ is located in the lower abdomen.
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Structure of a nephron
Each nephron consists of a ball formed of small blood capillaries (glomerulus) and a small tube called a renal tubule.
It is composed of a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule. The renal corpuscle consists of a tuft of capillaries called a glomerulus and an encompassing Bowman's capsule. The renal tubule extends from the capsule.
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The filtration, reabsorption, and secretion of specific molecules in specific areas of the nephron
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renal tubule: As blood moves, the needed substances and some water are reabsorbed through the tube wall into adjacent capillaries.
Urine is about 95% water and 5% waste products. Nitrogenous wastes excreted in urine include urea, creatinine, ammonia, and uric acid. Ions such as sodium, potassium, hydrogen, and calcium are also excreted.
Osteoporosis
means porous bone, is a disease in which the density and quality of bone are reduced. As bones become more porous and fragile, the risk of fracture is greatly increased.
leading cause of osteoporosis is a lack of certain hormones, particularly estrogen in women and androgen in men.
DMII
With type 2 diabetes, the body either doesn't produce enough insulin, or it resists insulin.
Hypertension
High blood pressure: can be caused by a diet high in salt, fat, and/or cholesterol, Chronic conditions such as kidney and hormone problems, diabetes, and high cholesterol.
downstream effects
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If nothing changes, what will happen to this patient over time?
Infection can worsen, preventing other disease-related symptoms from being detected that can potentially pose a more harmful threat to the urinary system and worsen her underlying condition.
If mineral and bone disorder in CKD remains untreated in adults, bones gradually become thin and weak, and a person with the condition may begin to feel bone and joint pain.
upstream causes
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history of osteoporosis, chronic type II diabetes mellitus, and high blood
pressure
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