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An elderly female patient has a history of osteoporosis, chronic type II…

- - - - Convert filtrate to urine
        
        Form calcitrol
        
        Erythropoetin
        
        Acid-base balance
        
        Controls blood pressure through the secretion of renin
        
        Engage in gluconeogenesis
- - - - Adipose CT provides cushioning to the kidneys; the perinephric fat layer
        
        Dense irregular CT anchors the kidneys to surrounding structures; the renal fascia
        
        Renal Cortex
        
        Renal Medulla
        
        Renal Columns
        
        Renal Pyramids
        
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- - - - The juxtaglomerular apparatus (JG) regulates filtrate formation and blood pressure. The JG apparatus synthesizes, stores, and releases renin (granular cells).
        
        Bowman's Capsule is formed by the internal visceral layer directly lining the glomerular capillaries and external parietal layer
        
        Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT) where nutrients are typically reabsorbed, like obligatory water reabsorption, and where most substances are secreted. Half of urea is reabsorbed here.
        
        Nephron Loop where about 10-20% of HCO3- is absorbed in its thick segment.
        
        Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT) are collecting ducts that are responsive to ADH and aldosterone; principle cells. They also regulate urine and blood pH; intercalated cells. K, H, and urea are secreted here.
        
        Nephrons with short loops that barely penetrate the medulla make up the bulk of the cortex; cortical nephrons
        
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- - - - Liver failure can occur which will effect the rest of the body.
        
        Kidney disease can lead to why there is blood in her urine.
        
        She may need a liver transplant, if she doesn't get one and symptoms don't improve it will lead to liver failure which will kill her.