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Physical Activity and Mental Health (Mental Health in Elite Athletes…
Physical Activity and Mental Health
The problem of mental health
Mental health problems are:
increasing
8% of adults will experience major depression, 1% bipolar
dementia is the fastest growing mental illness
not rlly increasing but there has been much more recognition and destigmatization which have led many more ppl to seek help
more young ppl reporting mental illness
a quarter of Canadian adolescents report symptoms of anxiety and depression
expensive
both direct and indirect costs
widespread
1 in 5 Canadian adults will have it over a 1 yr period
Stats
the five conditions with the highest impact on the life and health of Ontarians
alcohol use
social phobia
bipolar
schizophrenia
depression
most burdensome
Mental Health in Elite Athletes
Develop better understanding of MH aspects of recovery from injury
More research on treatments of MH disorders specific to elite athletes
More research on screening for MH disorders in athletes
Decrease the stigma of help-seeking for MH issues in elite sport
Examine the role of MH in sports-related concussion
Understand sport as a sub-culture to develop a positive and supportive environment
reliable and thorough epidemiological studies in elite athletes
Design athlete accommodation/Olympic villages with sleep hygiene in mind
ensure ease of access to mental health services across cultures and countries
Better understanding of societal and sport impact of sponsorship by producers associated with adverse MH outcomes in elite athletes
Clarity around MH symptoms vs disorders in elite athlete research
Empower and educate coaches, athletes and stake holders to create an environment supporting MH wellness and help seeking
Develop additional strategies fort prevention of MH symptoms and disorders
Current Practice
access
therapy
small effects compared to well-designed placebos
medication
modest effects compared to placebo
side effects
Physical Activity
cheap
self-administered
benefirs
no negative side-effects
potentially far reaching
4 avenues for physical activity
Treatment of mental illness
Improvement in quality of life of individuals with mental and physical illness
Prevention of poor mental health/illness
Increase happiness and well-being
protective effect
Mental Health vs Mental illness
and complex relationship between languishing mental health and flourishing
you can flourish and have mental illness
holistic and comprehensive approaches to understanding mental health must move beyond a focus primarily on mental illness to include positive aspects of mental health, wellbeing and functioning
Martin Seligman understanding of wellbeing
Engagment
finding flow
Positive Relationships
quality connection and interactions
Higher network proportion friends
more frequent visiting with neighbours
larger social networks
more frequent attendance at organized group meetings
Positive Emotion
feeling good
Meaning
having purpose and making sense of our experiences in a way that makes our life feel worth living
Accomplishments
reaching goals and seeing changes in self-esteem and mastery
4 S's
Step
Light PA
Several hours of a variety of structured and unstructured light physical activities
Sleep
age 5-13 - 9 to 11 hours
age 14-17- 8 to 10 hours
consistent bed and wake up times
Sweat
moderate to vigorous PA
accumulate at least 60 min per day of mod to vig PA involving a variety of aerobic activities
vig PA and muscle and bone strengthening activities should each be incorporated at least 3 days per week
Sit
Sedentary behaviour
no more than 2 hours per day of recreational screen time
limited sitting for extended periods
Compass Host study
measures
Flourishing
8 item scale
my social relationships are supportive and rewarding
I am engaged and interested in my daily activities
I lead a purposeful and meaningful life
Movement Behaviours
Sedentary behaviour indicators (screen time)
meeting screen time recommendations
sleep
self-reported sleep
PA Indicators
meeting the recommendations
Implications
findings reinforce conceptual distinction between mental illness and mental health
promoting positive health outcomes, like flourishing, represents a novel messaging approach about movement behaviours that is gain-framed
small but significant associations between mvmt behaviours and flourishing
Complexity of mental health/disorder
influenced by:
life events
individual coping strategies
childhood experiences
social support
genetic influence
community and environment
Conceptual Model
effect moderators
FITT + context
proposed mechanisms
neurobiological hypothesis
grey matter volume and activation
release of endogenous opioids
neurotrophin gene and protein expression
psychosocial hypothesis (Martin Model)
social connectedness
mood and emotions
physical self-perceptions
behavioural hypothesis
sleep volume and quality
coping and self-regulation skills
exposure
PA influenced by individual factors
Well-being
subjective and psychological well-being
resilience
quality of life
global self-esteem
Ill-being
internalizing disorders
externalizing disorders
cognitive function
mental processes that contribute to perception, memory, intellect, and action
