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Concept 3.3. Acidic and basic conditions affect living organisms…
Concept 3.3. Acidic and basic conditions affect living organisms
Hydrogen Ion
A Single proton with a charge of 1+
Hydroxide ion
Water molecule, minus a hydrogen ion.
Hydronium ion
Water molecule, plus a hydrogen ion.
Acid
Substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.
base
Substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution, either by accepting hydrogen ions, or dissociating to form hydroxide ions, which combine with hydrogen ions to form water.
Neutral Solution
OH- and H+ concentrations are equal
Strong Acids and Bases
Dissociate completely when combined with water
Weak Acids and bases
Reversibly release and accept back hydroxide and hydrogen ions.
Brackets indicate
Molar concentration ([H]).
Whenever we know the concentration of either H+ or OH- in an aqueous solution, we can deduce:
The concentration of the other ion.
pH of a solution
pH= -log [H+]
pH of 7
Neutral
pH less than 7
Acidic
pH more than 7
Basic
Each pH unit represents
A tenfold difference in H+ and OH- concentrations
A solution of pH 3 is
___
times as acidic as a solution of pH 6.
(10 X 10 X 10)
Buffer
minimizes changes in the concentrations of H+ and OH- ions in a solution by accepting hydrogen ions from the solution when they are in excess and donating hydrogen ions to the solution when they have been depleted.
Most buffer solutions contain
A weak acid and its corresponding base.