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Geography Year 10 Blake Jeffery (Week 2 (Scale (Scale is a ratio of…
Geography Year 10 Blake Jeffery
Week 1- Geography
Geography is the study of the earths landforms and climate, how humans have changed them and how they have affected where people live and how they use resources.
7 Key concepts of Geography
Space
The way things are arranged on earths surface
Place
Parts of te earth given meaning by people. (can be natural or built)
Interconnection
How all environments and every living and non-living thing are connected
Change
Can be slow or fast, human or natural, positive or negative
Environment
Living and non-living components and elements that make up an area
Sustainability
The ability to maintain a resource over a long period of time
Scale
Used to guide graphical inquiries meaning from small areas to a large area
Week 2
Scale
Scale is a ratio of distance on a map to distance in real life.
Scale is used to find the correct distance of a map that has been altered to fit on a small surface
Grid references
4 figure
A four figure grid reference contains 4 numbers. The first two are eastings which are the numbers at the bottom of the grid and the second two numbers are called northings which are on the sides of the grid. These can be used to find a spot on a graph or map.
6 figure
A six figure grid reference contains six numbers where the first 3 are eastings and last 3 numbers are northings. These are like 4 figure grids but give a more precise location of the point.
Latitude
Latitude are lines that go across the globe, the equator is the main line of latitude as it is an imaginary line that splits the earth into a north and south hemisphere
Longitude
Longitude are lines that travel up and down the earth, the prime meridian is a line that splits the earth into east and west
Week 3
Contour Maps
Contour maps are also known as topographic maps and they are used to show different points of elevation on a map
Contour lines
Contour lines are the lines on a topographic map that show the different points of elevations and decreases
Week 4
Environmental change
Humans impact the enviroment in many different ways; overpopulation, burning fossil fuels, pollution and deforestation. Humans change the environment for their needs to stay alive
Degradation of the land
Humans degrade the land in many ways. eg. removing trees for farming and cities leads to a carbon dioxide increase, Damming and diverting rivers for electricity and drinking water leads to extinction for some animals,
Changes to land: Human population increased causes more farms which creates lan clearing. the soil is over farmed and 3/4 of earths forests are gone
Degradation of the atmosphere
The environment has been degraded in many ways. Pollutants such as sulfur, carbon dioxide, nitrogen have been released into the atmosphere from factories and transport
the sources or air pollution is burning coal and fossil fuels. this can lead to an increase of asthma and lung diseases and a healthcare cost boom
Degradation of water
humans degrade water by damming rivers, pollutionof farm fertilisations flow into the river poisoning it and mutating it. Results of water pollution are devastating, people lose access to clean safe drinking water and animals in water are killed
Week 5
Ecosystem services
Sources
Natural products that can be used or converted for humans to use
Sinks
processes that absorb our waste by breaking them down
Services
Things done by the environment that dont produce consumable resources
Spirituality
Personal relationships that humans have with the environment
Ecosystem services are the benefits humans receive from natures ecosystems
Week 6
Biodiversity
Biodiversity refers to the variety of living organisms on the planet measured by the number of species present in a particular ecosystem or region
Causes of biodiversity loss
Habitat change by deforestation, over exploitation of resources, pollution of land, invasive species, climate change brought upon by humans
Effects of biodivesity loss
Loss of biodiversity impacts on the natural environment whilst having an impact on humans too. Food, fibre, freshwaer, crop pollination, protectection against natural disasters . Plants and animals are dying out.
Week 7
Ecological footprint
Our impact on the environment is known as our ecological footprint. It represents the amount of land and natural resources we need to support the production of the things we consume or use everyday
Australais global footprint is one of the largest in the world. The average Australian used 6.25 global hectares which is more than 3 times more than our global share
Deforestation
Deforestation is one of the leading causes of land degradation.Forests have been cleared for years for farming, clearing the way for human settlements and to provide building materials.