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CH. 26 Community Ecology (Concepts (Habitat Loss (loss of habitats for…

- - - - reintroducing wolves at Yellowstone #
      - migrating bears and mountain lions across the Rio Grande
- - - - Alpha
        
        local, small site
      - Beta
        
        larger region
      - Gamma
        
        diversity within a region
    - - relationship between area and species richness
      - S=cA^z
    - - number of species in each abundance class
  - - - canada
    - - rainforest
- - - - two fundamental aspects
        
        feeding rate
        
        how quickly a predator finds a new prey
        
        handling time
        
        amount of time to consume prey
    - - functional response dependent on prey density
    - - line indicating population stability
    - - predator overexploits the prey
        
        both species are lost
    - - harvest enough species to keep population at max per capita productivity
    - - pop health is determined by amount of fish, deer, etc. that can be harvested
    - - fishermen/hunters are only allowed to catch/kill certain amount of animals
  - - - examine interactions between herbivores and plants
      - why do they select the plants they do?
    - - predators should prefer prey that gives them the most energy
      - if that prey becomes scarce, then predator should expand its diet
      - some prey items will always be eaten, others will never
  - - - resource competition occurs when organisms consume shared resource
    - - one oragnism restricts another oraganisms resources
        
        even if they're not using the resource
    - - increases from low population density even with competitor
    - - any substance or factor that increases growth rate
  - - - plants not competing for and using a resource
- - - - the first organism does this to the presence of the other
- - - - region of environment is composed of discrete patches where species live
      - some patched are occupied with species
      - empty patches will become colonized by migration
      - populations in individual patches have probability of going extinct
  - - - colonizing new patches
      - flourishing temporarily
      - colonizing more patches before it dies out in old one