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Chemistry: Acids and Alkalis Revision (pH Scale (Acids - Less than 7,…
Chemistry: Acids and Alkalis Revision
Acids
Examples:
Hydrochloric Acid - HCL
Nitric - HNO3
Sulphuric Acid - H2SO4
Ethanoic (Acetic) Acid - CH3COOH
A Substance that when dissolved in water forms H+ Ions
Bases
Alkalis
Examples:
Caustic Soda (Sodium Hydroxide) - NaOH
Ammonium Hydroxide - NH4OH
Calcium Hydroxide - Ca(OH)2
A soluble base
Substances that neutralise acids
Indicators
Gradual Change
Universal Indicator
A mix of Several Indicators inducing gradual colour change
Red = Less than 3 pH
Orange / Yellow = 3 - 6 pH
Green = 7 pH
Blue = 8 - 11 pH
Violet = Greater than 11 pH
Instant Change
Methyl Red
Methyl Orange
Phenolphthalein
Acids = Colourless
Bases = Pink
Litmus
pH Scale
Acids - Less than 7
Alkalis - More than 7
Neutral - 7
Below 0 - Above 14
Neutral
A compound that when dissolved in water does not produce H+ or OH- Ions or produces equal amounts of both.
Examples:
Water
Human blood
Conduction
Both acids and alkalis conduct electricity because they form ions when dissolved in water (electrolytes).
Reactions
Neutralisation Reaction
Acid + Alkali --> Water + Salt
Electrolysis of an acid
Hydrogen at Cathode
Other Compound at Anode
Titration
The testing for the concentration of an unknown acid or alkali
Apparatus:
Pipette
Burette
Conical Flask
Key Formula:
Moles = Concentration x Volume