HASS YEAR 9 TERM 1
WEEK 1
WHAT IS GEOGRAPHY?
the study of the physical features of the earth and its atmosphere, and of human activity as it affects and is affected by these, including the distribution of populations and resources and political and economic activities.
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PHYSICAL VS CULTURAL FEATURES
PHYSICAL FEATURES- the distribution of the worlds land masses and physical features has always been a key factor in making connections between people and places easy or difficult. some physical features, such as high mountain ranges, deserts and stormy seas, have been natural barriers to trade and communicate for thousands of years
CULTURAL FEATURES- some of the main cultural phenomena studied in cultural geography include language, religion, different economic and governmental structures, art, music and other cultural aspects that explain how and/or why people function as they do in areas in which they live.
WEEK 2
4 GRID REFERENCE
4 figure grid refernce contains 4 numbers. the first two numbers are called the easting, which is the number you would look for at the bottom of the map. the second two numbers are called the northing and represents the numbers you would look for on the side of the map
6 GRID REFERENCE
on a 6 grid reference the last digit refers to a tenth of the distance between the 1 km grid reference lines, so the reference is only accurate to within a 100 meters
BIOMES-
WHAT ARE THEY?
a biomes is a place or multiple places with the same plants and animals e.g rainforest
WHERE IN THE WORLD ARE THEY?
you can fin biomes in polar areas, temperate deciduous Forrest, temperate grasslands, deserts and tropical rain forest.
AUSTRALIAN BIOMES
The biomes located in Australia are Temperate Forest, Desert, Savanna, and Rain forest.
WEEK 3
CREATING CLIMATE GRAPHS:
A climate graph displays yearly temperature and precipitation statistics for a particular location. The average rainfall for each month is plotted on the graph with a blue bar.
CONTINENTS AND OCEANS:
CONTINENTS
Europe.
North America.
South America.
Africa.
Australia.
Asia.
Antarctica.
OCEANS
Pacific Ocean.
Atlantic Ocean.
Indian Ocean.
Southern Ocean.
Arctic Ocean.
LATITUDE, LONGITUDE, ALTITUDE
LATITUDE: Latitude is a geographical coordinate that specifies the north-south of a point on the Earth’s surface, it is an angle which is around 0° at the Equator to 90° at the north and south poles. Lines of constant latitude or parallels run east-west as circles parallel to the equator
LONGITUDE: Longitude is a way to say where a place is on the earth, it is measured starting from an imaginary north-south line called the prime meridian. The prime meridian is zero degrees and the furthest away in +180° eastward and -180° westward.
ALTITUDE: Altitude is the height of an object or point in relation to sea level or ground level.
WHERE OUR FOOD COMES FROM:
In Australia around 98 percent of the fresh fruit and vegetables, meat, milk and eggs sold in supermarkets are produced by Australian farmers. Australia exports about half of what is produced but this only equals to about one percent of the global food supply.
WEEK 4
FOOD PRODUCTION IN AUSTRALIA
Australia produces a wide variety of fruit, nuts and vegetables. The largest crops include oranges, apples, bananas, mangoes and pineapples. The majority of food sold in Australia is grown and supplied by Australian farmers, they are able to export more then half of our agricultural produce while more then 90% of fresh fruit and vegetables, meat, milk and eggs sold in shops are domestically produced.
INFLUENCING CROP YIELDS
The four most important factors that influence crop yield are soil fertility, availability of water, climate, and diseases or pests.
HIGH TECH-FARMING
Modern technologies have changed farming methods and made many farms in Australia and around the world more efficient and more productive. The use of technologies such as computers, satellites, remote sensors, geographic information systems and Global Positioning Systems has allowed some farms to go ‘high-tech’. Some Australian farmers are using drones to keep watch on their soils, plants and water, while others are tracking their sheep and cattle with sensors implanted in the animals ears or in electronic collars. Technology continues to advance farming operations, increasing crop yield and improving the breeding conditions of cattle.
WATER SCARCITY
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet water demand.
CLIMATE CHANGE
Climate change occurs when changes in Earths climate system result in new weather patterns that remain in place for an extended period of time the length of time can be as short as a few decades to as long as millions of years.
WEEK 5
FOOD SECURITY
the state of having reliable access to a sufficient quantity of affordable, nutritious food. The report identified a multitude of food-security problems including hunger, obesity, malnutrition, low crop yields, inadequate food storage, poor sanitation and related political instability.
AFRICA AND FOOD AVALIBILTY
Africas has achieved food availability over the 2014-2016 period, but several countries in the region remain highly dependent on food imports to ensure enough food supplies for everyone
BIOFUELS
Biofuels are designed to replace gasoline, diesel fuel and coal, which are called “fossil fuels” because they are made from animals and plants that died millions of years ago. Biofuels are made mostly from plants that have just been harvested.
DESERTIFICATION
Desertification is a type of land degradation in dry lands in which biological productivity is lost due to natural processes or induced by human activities whereby fertile areas become increasingly more arid.
WEEK 6
UNDERSTANDING PLACE
A place can be as small as your bedroom or as large as a continent. It can be a constructed feature, such as a building, or a naturally existing feature, such as a freshwater lake. The key concept of place is essential to geographers. By dividing the Earth’s surface into a series of identifiable places, geographers can better understand the natural processes and human activities that shape and change our world.
CONNECTION TO PLACE
HISTORICAL
factors related to past experiences and events.
SPIRITUAL
factors related to a person’s beliefs
ECONOMICAL
factors related to employment and income
CULTURAL
factors related to the shared characteristics of a group of people
MENTAL MAPS VS GPS
A mental map is a map that we keep in our heads, rather than on paper or in our phone. We all carry a map in our head of our local area. This allows us to find our way quickly and easily between places. We tend to know the places we use often and the spaces between them much better than the places and spaces we rarely use or visit. As we all use different places, we each have a unique mental map of our local area. Many Australian cars and mobile phones are fitted with a GPS device. GPS or Global Positioning Systems use satellites to accurately pinpoint the location of the car or phone. By adding data in the form of a digital map, GPS devices can be used to help us find our way around.
WEEK 7
GLOBAL TRADE
International trade is the exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories because there is a need or want of goods or services. In most countries, such trade represents a significant share of gross domestic product.
INTERCONNECTION
interconnection is the physical linking of a carrier's network with equipment or facilities not belonging to that network. The term may refer to a connection between a carrier's facilities and the equipment belonging to its customer, or to a connection between two or more carriers.
TECHNOLOGY CONNECTING NATIONS
For developing countries, access to technology can have many benefits — one such improvement being the boost of a nation's economy. Other ways that technology is helping economies in developing countries include reducing the costs of production, encouraging the growth of new business and advancing communication.