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Phonology (The sounds of English (Consonants (Articulations: (By region…
Phonology
Is concerned with
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Finding ways of recording speech, and representing this symbolically.
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The sounds of English
Syllables: they are units of phonological organization and smaller than words. They contain several sounds but they combine them to create an effect of unity.
Diphthongs: they are sounds that begin as one vowel and end as another, while gliding between them. In English the first element is stressed more than the second.
Vowels
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Types of vowels
Central vowels: long/short sound, mid/low tongue and lower jaw position, and spread lips when pronouncing the word.
Back vowels: long/short sound, high/mid/low tongue and lower jaw position, and rounded lips when pronouncing the word.
Front vowels: long/short sound, high/mid/low tongue and lower jaw position, and spread lips when pronouncing the word.
IPA symbols for the sounds: it ilustrates the phonetic characters that correspond to the phonemes used in spoken English.
Consonants
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The sound results from: voicing, where the articulation happens and how the articulation happens.
Voicing: vowels must be voiced by the vibration in the vocal cords. Consonants may be voiced or not.
Articulations:
By region
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Labial: with the lips, if we use two lips, it is bilabial.
By manner
Stop or plosive consonants: the airflow is stopped or subsequently released. They are: bilabial voiced, alveolar voiced and velar voiced.
Africates: they are a kind of stop consonant, where the expelled air causes friction and not plosion. They are: palatal.
Fricatives: the airflow is restricted but not completely stoped. They are: labio-dental voiced, dental voiced, alveolar voiced and palatal voiced.
Nasal consonants: closing the articulators but lowering the uvula, wich closes off the route to the nose. They are: bilabial, alveolar and velar.
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Aproximants: they do not impede the flow of air. They are: bilabial, alveolar and palatal.
Accent: when some identifiable groups of people share a collection of sounds that are not found elsewhere. We can mark out people by geographical region and by social class or education.
