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Module 1: Cause and Effect (Observing) (bases (Bitter taste, contains…
Module 1: Cause and Effect (Observing)
Inferences
conclusion based observed evidence
inform future hypothesis
evidence
Based on observation
Only as valid as the observations made
observation
qualitative
5 senses
categorical data
Benefits
creates openness
encourages exponses to be expanded
attempts to avoid pre-judgements
provides depth and detail
analysis
Drawbacks
difficult to make systematic comparisons
dependant on skills
researcher
less easy to generalise
quantitative
numerical
continuous data
units
use of instruments
thermometer
scales
ruler
Benefits
greater objectivity and accuracy
bias can be avoided
allow for a broader study
enhances generalisation
Drawbacks
collects narrower superficial dataset
results are limited
insert historical table examples
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples
Firestick farming
fire encourages fresh growth
bush fire management
fire seed germination
excessive leaf litter
bushfires
Bush medicine
Blackwood tree (bark)
dissolved solution for joint pain
cork tree
leaves have a sedative (sleep/pain relief) effect
acids
Sour taste
contains hydrogen ions
pH 0-6
Corrosive
dissolve other organic matter
bases
Bitter taste
contains hydroxide ions
pH 8-14
Feels soapy
caustic
Module Experiments
Floating candle
combustion reaction
Falling Objects
Mass vs Gravity
same fall rate
pH indicator test
pH of acids and bases
Rock Strata
Quantitative Observations
number of fossils found
in particular layer
Radiometric dating
uses isotope half life
identify age of ash layer
Super Position
lower layers----> older rock
upper layers ---> younger rock
insert example of super position drawing
Qualitative observations
Types of fossils
found in layers
Relative age of fossils and rock layers
comparing types of rock layers