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A comparison of cultural ecosystem services (CES) & biophilic design…
A comparison of cultural ecosystem services (CES) & biophilic design patterns (BDP)
CES: ecosystem contributions to human wellbeing mediated through non-material processes
Education & Knowledge
Spiritual & religious inspiration
Sense of place & cultural diversity
Aesthetic and artistic inspiration
Recreation & psychological wellbeing & ecotourism
SOUND HUMAN-NATURE INTERACTIONS
BDP: a framework for establishing nature in the built environment
Fosters a repeated and sustained engagement with nature
Focuses on human adaptations to the natural world that over evolutionary time have advanced people's health, fitness and wellbeing
Encourages an emotional attachment to particular settings and places
Promotes positive interactions between people and nature that encourage an expanded sense of responsibility and stewardship for the human and natural communities
Encourages ecologically connected, mutually reinforced and integrated design solutions
HUMAN WELLBEING
WHY compare?
to highlight similarities and differences
Why these two?
challenges of CES could be addressed by BDP
To what end?
to help designers assess and incorporate CES into their designs
BUT WHY?
because ecosystem services are undervalued or biased
CES can aid in socially and culturaly-senstive ecosystem service design
there is a deficiency in CES accounting
CES could motivate stewardship and civic engagement
a clearer connection could make CES more designable and measurable
What are the challenges of CES:
Indicators are inadequate to inform policy (Layke, 2009)
CES are not measureable using the same methodologies as for the other three categories. Less tangible, more culturally specific (Fish, 2016)
CES are not universally defined (2016) (different terminologies)
CES are co-produced and co-created outcomes of peoples' interactions with ecosystems and geographically distinct
difficulty being valued monetarily
Subjective in nature
Residual visualisations
What of biophilic design patterns?
Direct Experience of Nature
Indirect experience of nature
Experience of space and place