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6.6 Mining (minerals and rocks (minerals we use and for whatr (copper…

- - - - are non renewable
        
        we depend on a variety on minerals
        
        we know how to find an extract more than 100 types of minerals
        
        mineral scarcity
        
        minerals are not deposited evenly across the earth
        
        an ore is rock that contains a large enough concentration of a mineral to make it profitable for mining and processing
        
        a high-grade ore contain high concentration of mineral
        
        a low grade contain low concentration
- - - - area strip mining
        
        gigantic earth mover strips away the overburden
        
        power shovels remove a mineral resource such as coal or gold
        
        used on flat terrain
        
        new cut is made parallel to the previous one
        
        used to extract mineral deposist that lie in large horizontal beds close to earths surface
      - contour strip mining
      - open pit mining
      - mountain top removal
        
        destroy forest, buries mountain streams, increase the risk of flooding
        
        waste water and toxic sludge are often stored in valley dams
        
        such dams have been known to overflow or collapse and release toxic substances such as arsenic and mercury
        
        enormous machines plow waste rock and dirt into valleys
        
        explosives are used to remove the top of a mountain to expose seems of coal
- - - - recycle
      - use less
      - reuse existing supplies
      - water less
      - do without
- - - - old electronics like cell phones and computers contain many different rare earth metals, recovering and recycling these would greatly benefit the environment
- - - - processing it
      - manufacturing
      - mining the mineral
      - disposal or recyclying
    - - mining lower grade ores take more energy, money, water, and other resources
    - - chemical solvents: mercuty or cyanide salts lead to air and water pollution
      - smelting: heat is used to separate metal from ore, releasing large amount of pollutants