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Chapter 42 and 44 (Osmoregulation (Nephron (Distal Tubule (with the…
Chapter 42 and 44
Osmoregulation
controlled movement of solutes between internal fluid and the external environment and on the movement of water
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Transport Epitherlia
speicialized epithelial cells that controls the solute movements required for waste disposal and osmoregulation
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Excretory systems carry out filtration, reabsorption,secretion,and excretion
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Nephron
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Descending limb of Loop of Henle: permeable to water but not salt, water moves by osmosis into the interstitial fluid
Ascending Limb: permeable to salt but not water, salt leaves by diffusion and active transport
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Circulation
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Cardiac Cycle
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Right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs, where it load O2 and unload CO2. Oxygen rich blood then goes to the heart through the left atrium and then pumped through the tissues throug the left ventricle
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They trigger atrial contraction are delayed at the atrioventricular node, and are then conducted along the bundle branches and purkinje fibers, triggering ventricular contraction
Blood Components
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Capillaries have narroe diameters and thin walls that facilitate exchange. Velocity of blood flow us lowest in capallaries bed
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Plasma
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cell and cell fragments are suspended in this. They influence blood pH, osmotic pressure, and viscosity
Also function in lipid tranport,anitbodies, and blood clotting
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Lung
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Gas in exhange in insects relies on a tracheal system, a branched network of tubes that bring O2 directly to cells
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Mammals, air inhaled through the notrils, then to pharyix into the trachea,bronchi,bronchiles, and dead alveoli. (gas exchange here)
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