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Muscles of the pharynx (Constrictor (circular) muscles (Superior…
Muscles of the pharynx
Constrictor (circular) muscles
Superior pharyngeal
Attaches to the pterygoid hamulus and pterygomanidbular raphe with the buccinator
Sinus of Morgagni is the space between the base of hte skull and the upper free border of superior constrictor
Passavant's ridge or the palatopharyngeal sphincter is a mucosal ridge caused by superior pharyngeal constrictor or the palatopharygeus
Middle pharyngeal
Attaches to the hyoid bone and stylohyoid ligament
Inferior pharyngeal
Attaches to the oblique line of the thyroid cartilage, the cricoid cartilage
The inferior-most region of the inferior constrictor muscle is a weak area known as Killian's dehiscence
Pharyngoesophageal diverticulum (Zenker's diverticulum) is more likely to occur here
The inferior pharyngeal constrictor has a lower circular part around the upper oesophagus that is known as the cricopharyngeal sphincter
Prevents air being drawn into the stomach during inhalation
Lack of coordination between pharyngeal constrictors and cricopharyngeal sphincter can cause pharyngoesophageal diverticulum through Killian's dehiscence
All constrictors insert on the pharyngeal raphe, which attaches to the pharyngeal tubercle
Compress the lumen of the pharynx and push bolus towards the oesophagus
Elevator (longitudinal) muscles
Stylopharyngeus
Extends from the styloid process to pass between the superior and middle pharyngeal constrictors and fan into the internal pharyngeal surface
Supplied by the vagus (CN X)
Palatopharyngeus
Elevates the pharynx and larynx
Draws the soft palate downwards
Brings the palatopharyngeal arch backwards
Separates the oral cavity from the pharynx
Supplied by the vagus (CN X)
Salpingopharyngeus
Descends into the pharynx from the torus tubarius
Opens the auditory tube during swallowing
Supplied by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
Elevators pull pharynx superiorly and receive bolus