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6.6 Mining (((Surface mining pros and cons:
Pros: Cheaper, faster,…
6.6 Mining
Surface mining pros and cons:
Pros: Cheaper, faster, generally safer for farmer
Cons: Destroys huge areas, blocks river valleys, toxic run off pollutes rivers, groundwater, gets into food chain.
Subsurface Mining pros and cons:
Pros: Much less destructive than surface mining, less waste material.
Cons: Expensive, slow, higher risk to miners.
Subsurface mining: Used to remove metal ores and coal that are too deep to be extracted by surface mining. Miners dig a deep vertical shaft, blast open subsurface tunnels and chambers to reach the deposit.
Surface mining - Strip mining: Used to extract mineral deposits that lie in large horizontal beds close to the earths surface.
Surface mining - Strip mining - Contour strip mining: Used on hilly or mountainous terrain, mainly for coal, Huge power shovels, and bulldozers cut a series of terraces into the side of the hill.
Surface mining: Mineral deposits close to the surface are removed by clearing away vegetation, soil, rock and overlying a mineral deposit.
Surface mining - Mountaintop removal: Explosives are used to remove the top of a mountain to expose seems of coal.
Minerals:
-Aluminum
-iron, manganese, Cobalt, Chromium
-Copper
-Gold
-Diamond
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Mineral: A naturally occurring chemical element or inorganic compound that exists as a solid with a regularly repeating internal arrangement of its atoms or ion
Mineral resource: A concentration of one or more minerals in the earth's crust that we can extract and process into raw minerals and useful products at an affordable cost.
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Mineral Reserves: The identified deposits from which we can extract the mineral profitably at current prices.
Depletion time: The time it takes to use up certain proportion usually 80% of the reserves of a mineral ata. given rate of use.
Economically depleted: When it cost more than it is worth to find, extract, transport, and process the remaining profits.
Sediments: Significant deposits of minerals such as sand, gravel, phosphates, copper, iron, titanium and diamonds.
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