WWI
Warfare
Effects
Causes
NEW TECH
The major impact of technology on World War I was that it made the war more difficult for the soldiers who did most of the fighting. The new technologies led to trench warfare and the lack of new tactics led to massive slaughter at the hands of the new technology.
MILITARISM
The late nineteenth century was an time of military competition, particularly between the major European powers. The policy of building a stronger military was judged relative to neighbors, creating a culture of fear that increased the search for alliances. It was fueled by the cultural belief that war is good for nations.Germany looked to expand its navy. However, the ‘naval race’ was never a real race because the British always maintained naval dominance. And the British obsession with naval dominance was strong.
Big 4
Woodrow Wilson: Woodrow Wilson represented the United States and was president at the time of the war.President Woodrow Wilson did not agree with the other Allies. He wanted to make a peace treaty to get justice.He believed that would produce peace.
Georges Clemenceau served as Prime Minister of France during World War I.He wanted revenge, and to punish the Germans. He wanted to make Germany pay for the damage done during the war. He also wanted to weaken Germany, so France would never be invaded again.
David Lloyd George represented the United Kingdom during the times of WWI. He said he would make Germany pay because he knew that would sound good to the British people.He wanted justice but he did not want revenge. He said that the peace should not be harsh.He knew that would just cause another war in a few years. He tried to meet in the middle of Wilson and Clemenceau.
Vittorio Emanuele Orlando represented Italy during the times of WWI. Like many others he was originally a statesman and eventually a prime minister. Just like Georges Clemenceau He wanted to make Germany pay for all of the damage that France had suffered during the four years of fighting. He also wanted to make sure that a war like this would never happen again.
FOURTEEN POINTS
President Wilson set down 14 points as a blueprint for world peace that was to be used for peace negotiations after World War I.Point 14 was the most important on Woodrow Wilson's list.It called for an international organization to be established that would be responsible for helping to keep peace among the nations. This organization was later established and called the League of Nations.
SELF DETERMINATION
President Woodrow Wilson helped encourage self-determination of the European nations during WW1. Wilson supported the rights of the individual nations and said that they had a right to rule themselves, just like America had wanted to rule themselves and break away from England. This could help prevent future wars by trying to be a peace aim. Although some nations didn't approve because the were so culturally rich that the dividing lines could not be clear.
LEAGUE OF NATIONS
The League of Nations was an international group developed after World War I as a way to solve disputes between countries before they got into warfare. It was originally created by President Wilson.The League's goals included preventing war through collective agreements, settling disputes between countries through negotiation and improving global welfare.Although the League of Nations was much of the work of President Woodrow Wilson America never joined the League of Nations. This was for several reasons, America had suffered civilian casualties in the war, and many people in the US wanted to keep America out of European affairs.
TREATY OF VERSAILLES
The people responsible for the Treaty of Versailles were U.S. Pres. Woodrow Wilson, French, Georges Clemenceau, and British Prime Minister David Lloyd George. Wilson wanted to create a system that would prevent a conflict similar to World War I from ever occurring again.The short term effects of the Treaty of Versailles is that Germany had to accept guilt for starting the war, was forced to pay Allies reparations, lost land, and had to reduce the size of it military. The long term effect of the Treaty of Versailles was World War II. This was the most important effect that this treaty had. The treaty led directly to WWII because it made Germany very upset.
ALLIANCES
A web of alliances developed in Europe between 1870 and 1914 creating two camps bound by commitments to maintain loyalty or intervene militarily. The Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance.
The alliance system came about because after 1870 Germany under Bismarck set a precedent by playing its neighbors’ imperial endeavors off one another, in order to maintain a balance of power within Europe
IMPERIALISM
Imperial competition pushed the countries towards adopting alliances. Colonies were places of exchange that could be bargained without significantly affecting the metro-pole. They also brought nations who would not usually interact into conflict and agreement.It was suggested that Germany was motivated by imperial ambitions to invade Belgium and France. Certainly the expansion of the British and French empires, fired by the increase of industrialism and the pursuit of new markets, caused some resentment in Germany, and the pursuit of a short, aborted imperial policy in the late nineteenth century.
NATIONALISM
Nationalism was a new source of tension in Europe. It was tied to militarism, and clashed with the interests of the imperial powers in Europe. Nationalism created new areas of interest over which nations could compete. Serbian nationalism created the trigger cause of conflict, the assassination of the leader to the Austro-Hungarian throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
THE SPARK
Ferdinand and his wife were murdered in Sarajevo by Gavrilo Princip, a member of the Serbian nationalist terrorist organization the ‘Black Hand Gang.’ Ferdinand’s death was labelled as a product of official Serbian policy.This created the July Crisis which was a month of diplomatic and governmental misunderstanding that saw a effect of war declarations initiated.
TOTAL WAR
Total war is warfare that includes any civilian-associated resources and infrastructure as legitimate military targets, mobilizes all of the resources of society to fight the war, and gives priority to warfare over non-combatant needs. This means there are no safe zones of war and that everybody, even civilians are in danger.
TRENCH WARFARE
Trench warfare had a massive impact on soldiers as it caused huge amounts of casualties on the battlefield and also caused health problems of the battlefield. The trenches were infested with rats and lice.
SCHLIEFFEN PLAN
The Schlieffen Plan was an plan used by the Germans to take over France and Belgium and carried out in August 1914. It was made and named after German Marshal Count Alfred von Schlieffen, who served as Chief of the Imperial German General Staff from 1891 to 1905.
CENTRAL POWERS
The Central Powers were Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire.
The Battle of the Somme started on July 1st 1916. It lasted until November 1916. For many people, the Battle of the Somme was the battle that symbolized the horrors of warfare in World War One. This one battle marked effect on overall casualty figures and seemed to show the horror of trench warfare.
The primary events that led to the United States declaring war against Germany were the Zimmerman Telegram and Germany's announced intention to continue unrestricted submarine warfare.
ALLIES
The Allies included Britain, France, Russia, Italy and the United States.
An armistice is a temporary suspension of battle by agreement of the parties or a truce. World War I ended with the armistice of 1918.
Russia signaled their withdrawal from World War One after the October Revolution of 1917, and the country turned in on itself with a civil war between the Bolsheviks and the White Guard.
KENDALL CAMPBELL 1ST