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Global warming (Extreme events (Cyclones (In Tuvalu cyclones have led to…

- - - - Syria
        
        2-3 million people were pushed into extreme poverty as a result of the drought
        
        Urban population has increased by 50% (2002-2010).
        
        60% of the land in Syria experienced extreme drought (2006-2010), thus one of the most extreme crop failures in history.
        
        Rural areas: gets abandoned due to drought
        
        Lack of water, income, food
        
        Farmers in rural areas had to move to the urban areas to find jobs.
  - - - People living in coastal cities will have their homes destroyed as there is flooding where they live.
      - Due to increase in salinisation of soils, crops are not able to be grown.
- - - - Companies start using this for transportation
      - They start to look for oil using seismic blasting which cause physical trauma to animals
  - - - Half of the world’s population lives in coastal areas. increasing sea levels will mean that they have to move. 10 m rise would displace 630 million people. Coastal cities: Shanghai, Tokyo, New York, Sao Paulo, Mumbai
        
        Tuvalu
        
        Forced migration
        
        Positives:
        
        New work opportunities
        
        Survival
        
        Education opportunities
        
        Economic growth
        
        Negatives:
        
        Loss of culture
        
        Dispersed population
        
        Culture shock
        
        Loss of language
        
        Separating of families
        
        Salination of fresh water
        
        Soil erosion
        
        Decrease of agriculture
- - - - In high latitudes the precipitation increased by 10-20%, in low latitudes either increased or decreased by 0-10%
        
        Agriculture
        
        Delays planting, increase soil compaction, cause crop loss/failure through anoxia, root disease.
        
        Water redistribution between the surface and groundwater, as the water storage in the soil is saturated. This results in increased surface flooding and soil erosion
        
        Biomes
        
        Mosquitoes
        
        An increase in temperature, rainfall, and humidity may cause a multiplication of the mosquitoes at high altitudes.
        
        If the temperature continues to increase every year, it is said that mosquitos will live longer than was before. The season for mosquitos will be longer.
        
        They might return to countries that don’t have malaria now, e.g. European countries: Sweden, Germany, etc
        
        Sea turtles
        
        Rising sea levels and stormy weather is eroding the beaches where sea turtles lay their eggs
        
        Hotter land temperatures also cause greater number of turtles to be born female
        
        In the short term, 20 to 30 years, the population will increase due to more females laying eggs
        However, in the long run the unequal sex ratio of females to males would threaten the species to become extinct
        
        Hotter sand can also cause complete nest failure, allowing for common nest areas to be inhabitable
        
        The increase in ocean temperatures will alter sea currents and shift the areas of sea turtle prey and can affect other species
        
        Polar bears
        
        Sea ice loss is the biggest threat to polar bear numbers
        
        It is their primary habitat
        
        A platform for them to hunt seals
        
        The total area of possible habitat is decreasing with the melting ice and the polar bears aren’t altering their choice in habitat in line with this. The warmer temperatures are also ruining the existing habitats.
        
        As the ice carries on diminishing, the polar bears will become more food-stressed and populations will decline
    - - In high latitudes the precipitation will increase by 40-60%, in low latitudes it will generally increase or decrease by -20 to 10 %