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Different impacts of tourism (Clarice 407) (Economic impacts (Positive…
Different impacts of tourism (Clarice 407)
Economic impacts
Positive
Employment opportunities
The growth of tourism has led to an increase in number of tourism-related jobs.
The tourism industry offers many employment opportunities, e.g. hotels, souvenir shops, tour agencies.
Tourism industry employed over 235 million people worldwide
Growth in income
More tourists lead to greater demand for goods and services.
Increase in foreign exchange
Money earned from other countries in exchange for goods and services, can be used by the receiving country to purchase goods and services from other countries. tourists exchange their home currencies for local currencies, contributing to capital inflow for the receiving country.
Infrastructure development
Construction of transport and communication networks, electrical frameworks and systems for water and waste disposal.
Tourism cannot develop and would not be able to operate on a large scale without sufficient infrastructure and appropriate facilities.
Infrastructure built to enhance tourism brings benefits to the locals as they can also make use of these infrastructure
Negative
Leakage of revenue
Leakage occurs when revenue earned from tourism is paid to other countries for the import of goods and services needed to meet the needs of tourists.
Seasonal unemployment
Low employment opportunities during low tourist season. Certain tourist activities are dependent on climatic conditions and countries hosting these activities may experience a rise in tourist numbers for several months followed by a drop in tourist numbers for the next few months.
Under-use of facilities
Shortage of services
Tourist infrastructure may require the use of large amounts of land, water and power. This could lead to a shortage of services
Socio-cultural impacts
Positive
Preservation of culture and local customs
Protection of the way people live, including their economic activities, traditional and religious beliefs. Planning authorities invest resources to fund the preservation and restoration of historical and cultural sites to attract tourists interested in heritage tourism.
Negative
Dilution of culture and local customs
Identity, culture and values of a place can be lost when tourism becomes the major activity of an area and more-tourist oriented and commercialised. Tourist activities or cultural festivals and religious rituals are sometimes conducted as entertainment, thereby losing their authenticity and significance.
Buildings may be modified or built to accommodate tourism
Locals may relocate elsewhere, which changes the original atmosphere, appearance and functions of the area they left
Increased crimes
Popular tourist site may attract criminal activities such as pickpocketing and muggings. Tourists would carry valuable items such as watches and cameras. They can also be scammed or cheated when they visit tourist sites with tourist traps.
Environmental impacts
Positive
Conservation of natural environment
Revenue from tourist activities can be channeled to fund the conservation efforts of environments such as coral reefs and rainforests.
Negative
Increased congestion
Due to large number of tourists near popular attractions. Tourists shops and accommodations that cluster near tourists area. Vehicular and pedestrian traffic
Vandalism
Cultural, historical or natural sites may be vandalised by individuals or developers
Pollution and littering
Degrades some tourist area. Authorities sometimes fail to implement measures that would properly manage waste left behind by tourists
Destruction of habitats
When too many tourists visit a destination, they may destroy habitats and wildlife. Careless tourists trample on plants, while others collect eggs and feathers of birds as souvenirs. Tourist making too much noise will frighten animals
Increase carbon footprint
Activities may include travelling by planes and tour buses, and electricity consumption by hotels. Increase in carbon footprint leads to contribution to global warming.
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