Developmentally Appropriate Practice (DAP)
Three core components of DAP
For example, two 6 years old children are same age but both of them different strengths, interest and needs, maybe one children interest of drawing and coloring but another children interest of singing
- Age appropriateness
For example,for Taska 2 to 4 years old more focus on hands -on activities such as hand/footprints
Consider the child age of development and learning
Children are unique with different strengths,interest and needs
Children language and cultural influences that affect who they are and how they might learn best
For example, some of the children will be good listen and talk in English , some of the children good listen and talk in Chinese and they in house parents teach through different ways and children learn different ways such as some parents teach like traditional ways, some parents teach hands-on learning, some children learn through repeat many time.
Individual appropriateness
- Social and cultural responsiveness
Developmental Appropriateness Practice (DAP)
Allow children construct their own understanding of what they learning from peers and adult.
DAP can make children learning more meaningful, improve child development and learning hands-on experiences
Promote child-centered learning,consider children interest and needs
Provide opportunities for children to collaborative with their peer and prosocial skill such as sharing .
Capitalize on children's enormous curiosity and capabilities to learn
Assists children in developing a positive sense of their own self-identity and respect to other people,whose perspective and experiences maybe different from their own
Enhance opportunities to see connection across disciplines or developmental aspects through integration of curriculum and in-depth study
Benefit of DAP
Challenge children to work at the edge of their capacities and ample opportunity to practice newly acquired skill
Children develop best when they have secure,consistent relationships with responsive adults and opportunities for positive relationship with peers.
Play is an important vehicle for developing self regulation as well as for promoting language, cognition and social competence.
Development occurs in a relatively orderly sequence, with later abilities,skills and knowledge building in those already acquired
Development and learning result from interaction of biological maturation and environment,which includes both the physical and social worlds that children live in.
Development proceeds toward greater complexity, self-regulation and symbolic or representational capacities
Development and learning occur in and are influenced by multiple social and cultural contexts.
All domains of development and learning are important and closely interrelated
Children learn in a variety of ways: a wide range of teaching strategies and interactions are effective.
Development proceeds at varying rates from child to child as well as unevenly within different areas of each child's functioning. Children demonstrate different modes of knowing and learning and different ways of representing what they know
Development and learning advance when children are challenged to achieve at a level just beyond their current mastery and also when they have opportunities to practice newly acquired skills
Principle of DAP
Development of direction that have Five :
- Simple to complex
- Know to unknown
- Self to others
- Whole to parts
- Concrete to abstract
Early experience have a profound on development and leaning and optimal periods exist types of development and learning. Intervention and support are more successful the earlier a problem is addressed.
Children's experiences shape their motivation and approaches to learning,such as persistence,initiative and flexibility;in turn, these dispositions and behaviors affect their learning and development
Developmental Appropriateness Practice (DAP)
Definition
Suitable or fitting to the development of the children and relevant and respectful to the social and cultural aspects of the children and families
is a way of teaching that meets young children where they are — which means that teachers must get to know them well — and enables them to reach goals that are both challenging and achievable
Five Guidelines for Effective Teaching
Effective DAP Teaching Strategies
Creating a caring community of learners
Teaching to enhance development and learning
Establishing reciprocal relationship with families
Assessing children's development and learning
Planning curriculum to achieve important goals
Give direction
Give assistance
Acknowledge
Give specific feedback
Model
Ask question
Provide information
Encourage
Demonstrate
Create or add challenge
Provide a conducive environment and have consistent,positive,caring relationship between teacher,children and families
Provide active learning,scaffolding learning, concrete nd supporting material, ample time foe children and prepare an appropriate learning space
Curriculum is the main basic or main references for teacher to written plan that describe the knowledge and skill to be taught, guideline in planning teaching, planning and curriculum also flexible and adaptable
consider child's background and also monitoring children's process,observing child's performance and documenting work of children do
Respect,trust,cooperation and shared responsibility
Giving positive attention
Praising and evaluating what the child has done
Give comments
Show children as a model how is the attitudes,ways of approaching and behavior toward others.
Show children the correct ways to do somethings
Give tasks that children already can do
Provoke children's thinking
Help children to work on edge of their current competence
Directly giving children fact,verbal labels and other information
For children's action and behavior