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WWI (Causes (Militarism denoted a rise in military expenditure, an…

- - - - Groups like the 'Black Hand' wanted to drive Austria-Hungary from the Balkans to form a nation called 'The Greater Serbia'. It was this intensified form of nationalism that led to the start of World War I through the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo in June 1914
        
        Imperialism was a cause because building an empire needs manpower such as an army and a navy to conquer and keep the land that they colonized. The alliances' system meant that a local conflict could easily result in an intimidating global one.
        
        The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand lead to the "war to end all wars" because it set off a series of war declarations on numerous nations because of alliances that have been formed.
        
        At the age of 19, he assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and the Archduke's wife, Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, in Sarajevo on 28 June 1914. Princip and his accomplices were arrested and implicated as a nationalist secret society, which initiated the July Crisis and led to the outbreak of World War I.
- - - - The Fourteen Points was a statement of principles for peace that was to be used for peace negotiations in order to end World War I. The principles were outlined in a January 8, 1918, speech on war aims and peace terms to the United States Congress by President Woodrow Wilson.
        
        President Woodrow Wilson helped encourage self-determination of the European nations during WW1. Wilson supported the rights of the individual nations and said that they had a right to rule themselves, just as America had wanted to rule themselves and break away from England.
        
        The League of Nations, abbreviated as LN or LoN, was the first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace. The League's goals included disarmament, preventing war through collective security, settling disputes between countries through negotiation diplomacy and improving global welfare.
        Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Bolivia, the British Empire, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, El Salvador, France, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, India, Italy, Liberia, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Persia/Iran, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Siam, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Austria, Bulgaria, Finland, Luxembourg, Albania, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, the Irish Free State, Ethiopia, the Dominican Republic, Mexico, Turkey, Iraq, the Soviet Union, Afghanistan, and Ecuador were involved.
        United States never joined the League of Nations, and some relatively isolated sovereign states in Asia also did not join, including Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Mongolia, Nepal, and Bhutan.
        
        The chief people responsible for the Treaty of Versailles were U.S. Pres. Woodrow Wilson, French Premier Georges Clemenceau, and British Prime Minister David Lloyd George. In an odd twist of history, the United States ended up not being part of the Treaty of Versailles.
        
        The main reasons why the Germans hated the Treaty of Versailles was because they thought it was unfair. Germany had not taken part in the Conference. The terms were imposed upon Germany – when Germany disagreed, the Allies threatened to go to war again. The Germans were treated like a defeated country, but they did not think they had been defeated. They had signed an Armistice – a ceasefire – in 1918, and they had thought they were accepting Wilson’s 14 Points. In the event, few of the 14 Points got into the Treaty. The Germans thought they had been tricked and betrayed, and they hated the Treaty.
        
        The short term effects of the Treaty of Versailles are that Germany had to accept guilt for starting the war, was forced to pay Allie's reparations, lost land, and had to reduce the size of its military. The League of Nations was created to settle disputes between countries before the military conflict. The Treaty of Versailles was essentially an attempt to weaken German's industrial and military machines following their attempted conquest in World War 1. The harsh sanctions and impositions put in place by the Treaty enraged the nation of Germany and eventually led to Hitler's uprising. Hitler used what he and the majority of Germany considered the harsh and unfair penalties levied against Germany to galvanize the nation and direct their ire towards the Allied nations and the Jewish people.
- - - - Trench warfare is a type of land warfare using occupied fighting lines largely comprising military trenches, in which troops are well-protected from the enemy's small arms fire and are substantially sheltered from artillery. No man's land is land that is unoccupied or is under dispute between parties who leave it unoccupied due to fear or uncertainty.
        
        Tench warfare created a living environment for the men which was harsh, stagnant and extremely dangerous. Not only were trenches constantly under threat of attack from shells or other weapons, but there were also many health risks that developed into large-scale problems for medical personnel. Apart from the inescapable cold during the winters in France, trenches were often completely waterlogged and muddy, and crawling with lice and rats. Diseases such as trench fever , trench nephritis , and trench foot became common medical problems, and caused significant losses of manpower.
        
        The Schlieffen Plan's strategy required that France be defeated swiftly – but this didn't happen. That failure led to sustained trench warfare on the Western Front. In those grim battles of attrition, such as the Battle of the Somme and the Battle of Verdun, Allied forces ultimately outnumbered the Germans.
        
        The Allied Powers were largely formed as a defense against the aggression of Germany and the Central Powers. They were also known as the Entente Powers because they began as an alliance between France, Britain, and Russia called the Triple Entente. France - Germany declared war on France on August 3, 1914.
        
        By 1914, then, the three nations of the Triple Alliance - Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy - stood against the three nations of the Triple Entente - France, Russia, and Great Britain. The spark that would set off a fire of war was about to ignite.
        
        The British gave President Wilson the Zimmerman telegram on February 24, and on March 1 the U.S. press reported on its existence. The American public was outraged by the news of the Zimmerman telegram and it, along with Germany's resumption of submarine attacks, helped lead to the U.S. to join the war. The entry of the United States was the turning point of the war because it made the eventual defeat of Germany possible. It had been foreseen in 1916 that if the United States went to war, the Allies' military effort against Germany would be upheld by U.S. supplies and by enormous extensions of credit.
        
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