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Learning Theories (Constructivism (Social Activism Theory (Main Points…

- - - - John Dewey
    - - Learning requires social interaction
      - Direct concern of problems and issues
    - - Collaborative activities
      - Real world connections
    - - Visual presentations
        
        Connect abstract concepts with real applications
  - - - Albert Bandura
    - - Observing and modeling the behaviors and attitudes
      - Behaviors learned through modeling and observing
      - Attention
      - Retention
      - Motor production
      - Motivation
    - - Practices acknowledge
      - Shape behaviors and grow motivation
      - Provide models
    - - Video examples
      - Self-modeling videos
      - Edmodo
  - - - Lev Vygotsky
    - - Children construct their knowledge
      - Development cant be separate from its social context
      - Learning lead to development
      - Language help mental development
    - - Organize classroom activities
      - Help students with difficult concepts
      - Help students implement constructivism
    - - Self learning
      - System-generated recommendations
      - Scaffolds promoting social awareness
  - - - Jean Piaget
    - - Power and strength of learning in development
      - Children develop by interacting with their environment
    - - Supply opportunities for exploration
      - Piaget theories
    - - Electronic manipulative
      - Exploration activities
  - - - Burner
    - - Develop problem-solving skills
      - Teachers allow students to work alone or with others
      - Encourage students to combine knowledge
      - Instructors provide feedback
    - - Practicing reasoning skills
      - Give students frequent feedbacks
      - Teach students to gather and evaluate data
  - - - Howard Gardner
    - - Linguistic
      - Musical
      - Logical-mathematical
      - Intra personal
      - Spatial
      - Interpersonal
    - - Learning should focus on particular intelligence of a studenr
      - Encourage and develop abilities
    - - Computers graphics for spatial abilities
      - Flowchart
- - - - Emphasizes influence of environmental factors on behavior
      - New behavior
      - Exclusion of innate or inherited factors
      - Focuses on learning through classical or operant conditioning
    - - Teachers reward their students
      - Teachers treat weak or good students
    - - Supplies positive reinforcement
        
        Enhance modification
        
        Enhance internalization process
      - Helps student obtain feedback without teacher's presence
      - Class Dojo
  - - - Atkinson and Shiffrin
    - - Encoding info into human memory
      - Encoding begins with attention
      - Application ensures memory transfer
      - Three kinds of stores
        
        Sensory registers
        
        Short-term memory
        
        Long-term memory
    - - Instruction must gain attention
      - Provides right kind of application
      - Provides sufficient practice to ensure encoding retention
      - Mnemonics: Fun boys
    - - Computer applications
      - Drill and practice
      - Mind mapping and concept mapping COGGLE
  - - - Robert Gagne
    - - Different instruction required for different outcomes
      - 9 events of learning constituting learning conditions
      - Specific operation constitute instructional events are different for each outcome
      - Learning hierarchies define intellectual skills
    - - Influenced teaching and curriculum development
      - Eventual adoption of cognitivism
    - - Computers provide consistent activities
      - Drill and practice
      - Tutorials and ppt
      - Simulations
  - - - Programs to teach skills or info
      - Manage complexity of teaching
      - Instructional system to state objectives
      - Task analysis
    - - Structured and sequential instruction
      - Monitor students continually
    - - Computers help student's progress