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Viral infection/Pneumonia /pleurisy (lungs:major respiratory organ (Right…
Viral infection/Pneumonia
/pleurisy
lungs:major respiratory organ
Right Lung
bigger in size
divided into 3 further lobes;superior, middle, inferior
right main bronchus is larger
most vulnerable to foreign objects entry
divided into 3
secondary bronchi
one for each lobe of lung
Left lung
divided into 2 more lobes:superior, inferior
tracheal division going to left lobe is smaller
divides into 2 secondary bronchi
one for each lobe of lung
"
1
"
secondary brochis divides into
tertiary bronchi
until diameter is
1mm
bronchiole
terminal bronchiole
:
<0.5mm
diameter
structural changes
elastin instead of cartilage
cuboidal epithelium instead of psedustratified
less frequent cilia and goblet cells
more of smooth muscles
respiratory bronchiole
stems at big bunch of alveoli
alveolar ducts
alveolar sacs
4 more items...
conducting zone
conducting zone
2
Gas Laws
Boyle's Law
pressure 1/volume
volume increases , pressure decreases
pressure increases;volume decreases
Inspiration
lungs are stretched
chest volumes increases
pulmonary pressure reduces
air moves from atmosphere(high pressure) into lungs(low pressure
expiration
lungs recoil,inspiratory muscles relax
thoracic cavity volume decreases
intrapulmonary pressure increase
pressure gradient
air flow out of lungs to atmosphere
Dalton's law of partial pressure
total P exerted by gases=sum of individual partial P of gases
at altitude pressure decreses
total atmospheric pressure decreases with altitude
thus partial pressure reduces too as compared to sea level
Inflamation
response to infection ,trauma hypersensitivity
can be life threatening
alveoli can lose elasticity
tightens airways
location
high altitude ,less partial pressure
less oxygen inhaled with each breath
hyperventilation,
lungs capacity decreases with age
diaphragm can get weaker
lung muscles can lose elasticity
airways can get smaller
rib cage bones can get smaller
less room for lungs to expand
presence of a viral infection
pneumonia causes inflammation of pleurae
pleurisy
excessive fluid exerts pressure
hinders breathing
pain with each breath
all the factors adds up to the worsening condition of patient
high altitude is causing shallow hyperventilation to cope with less oxygen in each breath
inflammation may has caused pressure in lungs and tightens the airways,causing cough
acute untreated viral inflammation can cause death
when body's defense system weakens it allows viruses and bacterial attacks easier than ever