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INTRODUCTION (By land transport it is understand rail and road transport),…

- - - - Planning and programming of investments related to the services mentioned above
      - Responsible for preparation and implementation of government policy on land transport infrastructures
      - To control, management and regulation of administrative services transport
      - Inspecting and approval of the correct service and activities related with land transport
      - Conferencia Nacional de Transporte
- - - - Successive transportations
        
        When the carrier uses employees, agents or sub-contractors to perform any obligations under the contract of carriage on his behalf, he is liable for any breach of his obligations caused by their acts or omissions
- - - - Its activity is entirely commercial. It mediates between the consignor and the carrier
        
        Their main function is to intermediate between the consignor and the carrier for signing a transportation contract and each party to be responsible of their liabilities
      - Freight forwarder
        
        They can only work within national level when they can document it is an on carriage trip for an international delivery
        
        Warehouse operator/ hubs
        
        They are companies that under a bond contract they receive the goods in their premises. Those goods belong to other business and warehousing activities
        
        In order to act like a warehouse operator, which prices are no regulated by law, it is necessary to apply for an administrative authorization
        
        Its main function is to receipt in deposit in its warehouse third party´s goods for its warehouse and distribution
- - - - CHARACTERISTICS
        
        Each TIR carnet has a unique reference number. A TIR carnet may have 4 vouchers
        
        It is forbidden to transport tobacco or by products of it and certain alcohol beverages
        
        Although the detailed procedures concerning authorisation vary slightly between Member States, the basic conditions are the same
        
        The validity date will be fixed and inserted by the Association. The period of validity will never exceed 75 days
        
        The TIR carnet implies responsibilities to the driver and to the carrier
        
        The IRU is the only international organisations that can issue the TIR carnet to the guarantor association. These associations issue the TIR carnet to the TIR carnet holders
- - - - Best way to transport large shipments
      - Ideal for high risk or delicate freight shipments
      - Shipment remains in the same truck
      - Considerably fast
  - - - Less than truck loaded (LTL) is a type of ground freight transportation that combines shipments from multiple customers
        
        ADVENTAGES
        
        Cost effective freight transportation
        
        Ideal for small businesses
      - Courier/ documentation
        
        service used for parcels up to 2kg. with goods/documentation
- - - - Daily driving period shall not exceed 9 hours, with an exemption of twice a week when it can be extended to 10 hours
      - Total weekly driving time may not exceed 56 hours and the total fortnightly driving time may not exceed 90 hours
      - Daily rest period shall be at least 11 hours
      - Weekly rest is 45 continuous hours
      - Breaks of at least 45 minutes