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Chapter 20 (Overview (divisions (Nonvascular Plants (no seeds, no phloem…
Chapter 20
Overview
divisions
Nonvascular Plants
no seeds
no phloem or xylem
vascular cryptogams
phloem and xylem
no seeds
spermatophytes
phloem and xylem
seeds
evolutionary advantages
reproduction modules
surface-to-volume ratio
enviorment changes the attributes
sterile cells for protection
tall and vascular on land
protective spores
started with algae millions of years ago
Characteristics of Nonvascular Plants
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common names
liverworts
hornworts
mosses
embryophytes
multicellular sporangia and gametangia
do not have vascular tissue
composed of true parenchyma cells
life cycle
sporophyte
very small like hairs
temporal phase
gametophyte
photosynthetic
haploid
Division Bryophyta: Mosses
sporophyte generation
morphological
narrow stalk called seta
zygote develops into foot
apical mersitem grows as a capsule
structure
peristome teeth
calyptra
operculum
metabolism and ecology
moist and wet habitats
easy to dry out moss
no vascular tissue to draw up water
cannot use water like a vascular plant
dormant when water is loss
resistance to many temperatures
livable in most environments
gametophyte generation
water transport
letoids
adjacent cells act like companion cells
resemble sieve tubes
water moves through stem capillaries
hydroids
inner cortex cells
conduct water and dissolve minerals
loose cytoplasm
development
spores germinate sending out cholorphyllous cells
protonema
perennial and extensive
growth of gametophores
reproduction
anteridia
breaks open and liberate cells
sucrose transport
archegonia
needs water to receive sperm
shaped like a vase
gametangia
nonmotile egg cells
biflagellate sperm
morphology
leaf stem
form dense mounds
gametophores
different evolution than vascular plants
these leaves did not grow to cover more area like vascular plants
apical meristem growth
derivative cells subdivide
stems
no epidermis
cortex makes up tissue
leaves
no stomata
one cell thick
Division Anthocerotophyta
sporophyte genration
continous sporangium
no seta
horn-like cylinder
hornworts
great diversity
rare encounters
single chloroplast in cells
gametophyte generation
multiple chambers
Nostoc cyanobacteria
symbiotic bacteria
thick-horned centers
Classification of Nonvascular Plants
New classification
Anthocerotophyta
Hepatophyta
Bryophyta
old classification
three classes
Hepaticae: liverworts
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Anthocerotae: hornworts
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Musci: Mosses
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division bryophyta
Division Hepatophyta: Liverworts
sporophyte generation
delicate seta
similar to moss
elaters
spring shape mechanism
do not undergo meiosis
gametophyte generation
thallose liverworts
thallus
stratified thick body
air pores for aerenchyma
flat-ribbon shaped
marchantia
archegoniophores
wet habitats also help with reproduction
anteridiophore
leafy liverworts
two round lobes
resemble that of mosses
small protonemta
