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Important figures in ethics - thinkers (Jesus (His teachings ale based on…
Important figures in ethics - thinkers
Jesus
His teachings ale based on universal love as the righ way of life. The Old Testament is also an intention to establis a universal moral code.
Averroes ibn Rushd
An important Islamic philosophers, also argues for the virtue approach and explains God as the ultimate virtue.
Socrates and/or Plato
These two greek philosophers developed the idea that for a person to be happy and in the best state possible, he or she must live virtuously.
Confucius
The most important figure in ancient Chinese philosophy, argued that personal morality, respect and loyalty should be the goal of everyone.
Thomas Aquinas
Great christian thinker and philosopher, his view on ethics is based on the virtues approach, he develops an idea that an ujust ruler is not worthy of ruling.
Mahatma Gandhi
His idea of non-violence as the key in approach to others and the necessary link between means and ends (agains machiavellism) are the most important points of his philosophy
Albert Camus
According to him, there are no objective, higher or divine values and morals and everyone must decide on their own. However, this does not mean that ethics and morality are worthless; human beings should participate in moral actions for the sake of the good ov themselves and everyone else.
Friedrich Nietzsche
He was a moral relativist, believing that ethic values are linked to societies. He also opposed the traditiona view on good-bad morality, mostly presented by religions, and claimed that no matter what we do we will never reach that perfect state argued by Socrates and Plato.
Jeremy Bentham
Founder of utilitarianism, intended to reform the society using this approach.
Emmanuel Levinas
He sees the foundation of personal ethics in encounters with the outer world. Upon meeting the world and seeing its qualities, one can articulate some ethical standards.
John Locke
He laid the foundations for the rights approach and founded classical liberalism. Also he theoretizes people are born like a blank canvas and are shaped by sense perception, which could be perceived as the origin of moral relativism.
Buddha
His teaching promotes the Eightfold path, which describes the most appropriate way of living with regards to yourself and the world around you.
Philippa Foot
Supported and shaped the modern virtue approach, based on Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. She also came up with the famous trolley problem.
Immanuel Kant
He came up with a new theory about an inner moral code, that is nonetheles universal to all and not based on any personal or ulterior motives. This approach is called deontological. He includes God in the explanation of rationality of ethict.