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ROPS Week 11- Witches (Witch Trials (Further arrests and torture, More,…
ROPS Week 11- Witches
Witch Trials
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More, then fewer denunciations
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Ending Witch-Hunts
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Public debates and disputations since late 17th accompany retreat of scholars and administrators believing in existence of witches and defending their persecution
Aversion of Protestants to Catholic Inquisition- through Protestant theologians didn’t deny existence of witches
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Apocalyptic vision of society- caused by devil entering pact with selected humans- mostly women (misogynistic attitude)- 3 chapters dealing with
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Religion- fight against Islam- Crusades- Reconquista struggle for papal supremacy against ‘dissenters and non-orthodox forms of belief’ within Christianity- heretics- Inquisition
Ideology- Witchcraft manuals- Malleus Maleficarum (“Hammer of Witches”) by Heinrich Kramer- Dominican cleric and papal inquisitor since 1474- written late 1470s, oldest surviving print- 1486
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1600s, 1620s and 1660s- further major waves
Gendercide?- spin-off of religious conflict?- part of formation of modern state?- role of 'powerful personalities'?- socio-economic conflict?- environmental irregularities?- trials and public executions as spectacle?
European witch-craze is an example of myth that Satan’s minions conspired to destroy Christendom- fed upon fears of sorcery to explain unpredictable or catastrophic events (Dale Hoak, ‘Witch-Hunting and Women in the Art of the Renaissance’, History Today, Vol. 31, No. 2 (1981), pp. 22-26)