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Introduction to statistics (Definition ( Refers to numerical facts. (eg?)…
Introduction to statistics
Definition
Refers to numerical facts. (eg?)
Statistics is a group of methods used to collect, analyze, present, and
interpret data and to make decisions.
Educated guesses - Decisions made by using statistical methods.
Pure guesses - Decisions made without using statistical (or scientific) methods.
Types
THEORETICAL/MATHEMATICALS STATISTICS
Deals with the development, deviation, and proof of statistic theorems, formulas, rules and laws.
APPLIED STATISTICS
Involves the applications of those theorems, formulas, rules, and laws to solve real-world problems.
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
Consists of methods for organizing,
tables, graphs, and summary measures.
A data set in its original form is usually very large.
A data set is not very helpful in drawing conclusions or making decisions.
displaying, and describing data by using
In the form of graphical presentaion.
INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
Consists of methods that use sample results
to help make decisions or predictions about a population
Prediction or decision regarding results.
Data organisation.
COMBINATION DESCRIPTIVE & INFERENTIAL
Population
The collection of ALL elements of interest.
Sample
Portion of population.
The selection of new elements from the population.
Census - A survey that includes every member of the population.
Sample survey - The technique of collecting information from a portion of the population.
Types of sample
REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE
A sample that represents the characteristics of the population as closely as possible.
RANDOM SAMPLE
A sample drawn in such a way that each elements of the population has a chance of being selected.
Variable
Qualitative
N
O
Quantitative
D
C
BASIC TERMS & DEFINITION
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