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Adaptive Immunity (Antibodies (Function (Interfere with pili (Get in way,…

- - - - A helices and B sheets
    - - Heavy chain
        
        Big One
      - Light chain
        
        Small one
      - Variable Region
        
        Tips of heavy and light chain
      - Antigen Binding Site
      - Constant Region
        
        Fc
        
        Constant
      - Variable Region
        
        F(ab)
        
        Antigen Binding
  - - - Block surface of pathogen
    - - Only for bac
      - Get in way
        
        For flagella movement
        
        Pilli function
    - - Link bac together
        
        by antibody binding to antigens on bac surface
    - - NK cells
        
        Can recog Fc part of antibodies
        
        Kill cell antibodies have bound to
    - - C3b
      - Phagocyte have receptor for Fc part of antibody
        
        Lead to better engulfment
    - - Starts with antibodies
        
        Complement system protein bind to antibody
        
        lead to inflammation
  - - - antibody genes put together by combining parts randomly
      - 3 diff regions on genes of antibodies
        
        For both heavy and light chain
        
        Variable region
        
        Diversity Region
        
        Joint Region
    - - Mutation rate of dividing B cells
        
        much higher than other somatic cells
  - - - Produced in resopnse to pentomers
      - first antibody produced
      - 4/6 fighting methods
      - Pentomer
        
        Letter M has 5 verticies
    - - Secreted into milk
      - J chain
        
        allow secretion across mucus membranes
        
        Hooks two parts of antibody
      - 2/6 fighting methods
      - Letter A has two points on bottom =dimer and connected by chain in between = j chain
    - - Most abundant
      - Can transport placenta
      - Longest time of protection
      - 6/6 fighting methods
        
        6 opposite looks like a G so can know its most complete
    - - Development of antibody response
    - - Allergic Response
    - - Isotype switching
        
        Start with IgM
        
        T helper cell produce cytokines
        
        trigger recombination to diff types of antibodies
        
        based on cassette switching of heavy chains
        
        Once class switch can only that one new class
        
        Why important?
        
        When encounter disease
        
        First time
        
        Depend on making IgG in second response
        
        B cell recog pathogen
        
        Class switching
        
        1 more item...
        
        Second time
        
        IgG produced and will be produced as first response from now on
        
        Memory B cells dont need to isotype switch again
        
        Mechanism
        
        Doesnt change variable region,
        
        Change what antibody recognizes
- - - - Produce cytokines which make B cells
        
        Isotype switching
        
        Can turn into plasma cells
        
        antibody producing factories
        
        hypermutation
        
        Turn B cell clone into memory B cells
  - - - respond to clustering of B cell receptors
      - Only produce IgM
      - No T helper cell used
        
        No CD40L
    - - no isotype switching
      - no hypermutation
    - - Capsules of pathogen have repeating antigens
        
        Polysaccarides of capsule
      - weak vaccine
      - conjugate vaccine
        
        protein added to polysaccaride
        
        conjugate mean chemically attach
  - - - Bone Marrow
        
        apoptosis
      - circulation
        
        when t helper cell cant recognize B cell
        
        B cell becomes anergic