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DEVELOPMENT (PRENATAL STAGES (CONCEPTION (FERTILIZATION = union of ovum…
DEVELOPMENT
PRENATAL STAGES
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CONCEPTION
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EGG TRANSPORT (ovulation) = Begins when egg (ovum) is first released = Ends when egg (ovum) reaches the uterus
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CRITICAL PERIODS = times during which certain environmental influences can have an impact on the development of the infant.
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INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD
PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
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SENSORY DEVELOPMENT = touch, taste, and smell are well developed. hearing is functional but not fully developed. vision is least developed.
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COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
PIAGET, JEAN = psychologists
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VYGOTSKY, LEV = psychologists
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Zone of proximal development (ZPD) = the difference between what a child can do alone and what that child can do with the help of a teacher
ADULTHOOD AND AGING
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PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
INTIMACY vs ISOLATION: Young adults face the task of finding a person with whom they can share their identity in an ongoing, close, personal relationship.
GENERATIVITY vs STAGNATION: The focus of this task is to find a way to be a creative, productive person who is nurturing the next generation.
EGO INTEGRITY vs DESPAIR: The task in this stage involves coming to terms with the end of life, reaching a sense of wholeness and acceptance of life as it has been.
PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
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THEORIES OF AGING
ACTIVITY THEORY = proposes that an elderly person adjusts more positively to aging when remaining active in some way.
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CELLULAR-CLOCK THEORY = cells are limited in the number of times they can reproduce to repair damage.
MENOPAUSE = the cessation of ovulation and menstrual cycles and the end of a woman's reproductive capability.
ADOLESCENCE
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
IMAGINARY AUDIENCE = thought in which young people that other people are just as concerned about the adolescent's thoughts and characteristics as themselves are.
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PERSONAL FABLE = thought in which young people believe themselves to be unique and protected form harm.
PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Identity Versus Role Confusion: Adolescents must decide who they are, what they believe, and what they want to be as an adult.
ERIKSON, ERIK = psychodynamic theorist who emphasized the importance of social relationships in the development of personality
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