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Endocrine Organs (Anterior Pituitary (Growth Hormone: Targets the liver…
Endocrine Organs
Anterior Pituitary
Growth Hormone: Targets the liver and adipose tissue, promotes growth indirectly and control of lipid, carbohydrate, and protein metabolism.
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Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH): act on the:
- in males, the testes to stimulate development of sperm and release hormones
- in females, the ovaries to stimulate development of oocyte and release hormones.
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Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH): acts on adrenal cortex to cause release of corticosteroids like cortisol.
Posterior Pituitary
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH): also known as vasopressin; targets the kidney and smooth muscle in arteriole walls; stimulates reabsorption of water from tubular fluid in kidneys; stimulates vasoconstriction in arterioles of body, causing a rise in blood pressure.
Oxytocin (OT):
In females: targets the uterus and mammary glands --> stimulates smooth muscle contraction in uterine wall and stimulates milk ejection from mammary glands.
in males: targets the smooth muscles of male reproductive tract --> stimulates the smooth muscle of reproductive tract which causes desire to cuddle with and bond with a mate.
Adrenal Medulla
Epinephrine: targets muscles and blood vessels; also known as adrenaline, prepare body for fight or flight situation.
Norepinephrine: targets muscles and blood vessels, prepares body for fight or flight situation
Thyroid gland
Thyroid hormone: targets most body cells and increases metabolism, oxygen use, energy and growth use, supports and increases rate of development.
Parathyroid Glands
Parathyroid hormone (PTH): targets kidneys, skeletal system, and intestines --> stimulates the release of calcium stores into the blood, ultimately raising blood calcium levels.
Adrenal cortex
Corticosteroids
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Glucocorticoids: target the kidney --> elevate blood-glucose levels during long-term stressful situations and stimulate the body to use fats and proteins as energy sources.
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Pineal Gland
melatonin: targets various receptors and organs in the body; makes us drowsy and helps to regulate a circadian rhythm (24-hour body clock).
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