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Neurons/ nervous system (Category by function (interneurons (Carry signals…

- - - - Depolarization: sodium flowing into cell
        
        Repolarization: Potassium flowing out of cell
        
        K+ out of cell returns cell to retina membrane potential
      - MP is the difference in electrical charge inside +outside of cell
- - - - synaptic cleft
      - postsynaptic cleft
      - presynaptic terminals
    - - Peptides: endorphins
      - Monoamines: serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine
      - Amino Acids: GABA, glutamic acid
- - - - effects
        
        increases HR/contractility
        
        Smooth muscle relaxation of bronchioles
        
        Vasoconstriction and increased BP
    - - Neurons of PNS leave CNS by cranial nerves
        
        effects
        
        construction of pupils
        
        constriction of bronchial smooth muscle
        
        decreased HR and contractility
    - - Preganglionic Fibers
        
        extend from cell bodies to brain or spinal chord
        
        Post ganglionic fibers
        
        Fibers from autonomic ganglion to target organ
- - - - composed of myelinated axons and dendrites
        
        myelin increases speed of nerve impulse
    - - composed of cell bodies
  - - - Bload-brain-barrier
        
        Protects brain from hazardous substances
        
        Cerebrospinal fluid
        
        removes harmful substances
        
        cushion for brain structure
        
        reduces pressure on brain
        
        Cerebrovascular circulation
        
        provides oxygen and nutrients for function and metabolism
  - - - descending tracts
      - ascending tracts
        
        communicate sensory info form periphery to CNS
- - - - Cell body
      - dendrites
        
        branched extensions that transmit impulse to cell body
      - axon
        
        carries impulses away from cell body