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3 Systems By: Leonora and Weyne (Excretory (The Excretory system is made…
3 Systems
By: Leonora and Weyne
Excretory
Collects and eliminates wastes from the body and regulates the level of fluid in the body
Functions
Collection and Elimination
Regulation of Liquids
The Excretory system is made of 4 different body systems:
Respiratory
Digestive
Urinary
Processes, transports, collects and removes liquid waste from the body
Kindeys
Nephrons
Networks of capillaries and small tubules where filtration of blood occurs
Ureters
are the two tubes urine passes trhough, connecting the kidneys to the bladder.
Bladder
Allows urination to be controlled
Urethra
tube that connects the bladder to the outside
Integumentary
Liver
The liver is also crucial to this system since the metabolism for poisonous substances occur in the liver.
It turns nitrogen into urea
Changes hemoglobin into bile
Nervous
The nervous system is the control and main communication system of the body. Its job is to send and receive messages as well as respond to changes in the environment.
Central Nervous System
The CNS consists in the brain and the spinal cord.
Cerebrum
Frontal Lobe
Concerned with reasoning, planning, parts of speech and movement (motor cortex), emotions, and problem-solving.
Parietal lobe
Concerned with perception of stimuli such as touch, pressure, temperature and pain.
Temporal lobe
Concerned with perception and recognition of auditory stimuli (hearing) and memory.
Occiptal lobe
Concerned with many aspects of vision.
Cerebellum
Coordinates voluntary muscle movement and regulates sense of balance.
Pons and Mendulla Oblongata
Is responsible for breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, swallowing and digestion.
Peripheral Nervous System
Sensory Division brings messages to the CNS
Motor Division carries signals away from the CNS
Immune
Immune system are biological structures and processes that protect against disease
First Line of Defense
The epidermis (dead skin) is a physical barrior against invadors and also secretes sweat and acid that kill potential invadors (connects to integumentary system).
Mucus - (connects to repiratory system) when you breathe in bacteria gets stuck in the mucus.
Cilia - hair-like structures located in your throat sends the bacteria out again (ex: coughing).
Saliva - slighly acid, therefore kills some bacteria.
Stomach acid - strong acid that breaks your food down and in the process breaks down bacteria as well (connects to digestive system).
Second Line of Defense
White Blood Cells (Cell mediated Immune System) - Produced in the bone marrow and cicrculate throughout your blood but enters tissues when pathogens are detected (connects with circulatory system).
Phagocytes/macrophages - eat foreign particles and break them down into organelles called Lysosomes.
T Cells - Phagocytes sends particles to T Cells in order to detect what the particle is. Excellent at cancer cells. T cells also attack and kill these cells.
Third Line of Defense
(antibody mediated immunity)
B Cells - produce the specific antibodies
Antibodies - Attach to antogens (binding sigtes for antibodies)
Memory B Cells - remember the pathogen
How they connect
Excretory and Immune
The excretory systems helps the immune system when excreating toxins and pathogens that could potentionally harm your body (for examplle urea).
Excretory and Nervous
The hypthalamus is an area of the brain that controls the secretion of certain hormones. One of thee hormones informs the kidney to absorb more water and this helps the body regulate fluid levels.
The bladder expands when the sympathetic system (part of the nervous system) is active and it also sends a message to keep the sphincter closed. In order or you not to have contractions when you nee to pee, the sympathetic system activates the parasympathetic system in order for you to relax.
When your bladder is full, involuntary muscle movements send signals to yur nervous systems, putting the urinatin decisin into your body’s control.
Nervous and Immune
The nervous system regulates innate immune responses through the release of neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, and neurohormones.
The nervous system sends messages to the immune system. For example, when there is a known virus.
