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KEY DIMENSIONS OF CULTURAL DIVERSITY (INDIVIDUALISM & COLLETIVISM…
KEY DIMENSIONS OF CULTURAL DIVERSITY
POWER DISTANCE INDEX
Based on value system of less powerful members
Different social classes in society
Measures independence between employees and managers
Family
Inequality among people
(Hofstede, 2010)
INDULGENCE VS RESTRAINT
Enjoy life
Be grateful
Restraint
Social norms
Prohibitions
Hire employees appropriate to the organization
Indulgence - act as one pleases
(Hofstede, 2010)
(Lee, & Liu, 2012)
Well being vs survival dimension
INDIVIDUALISM & COLLETIVISM
Reinforces extended families
Collectivist societies - power in groups
Measures relationship between personal freedom and cohesive in-groups
Individualist societies - "Nuclear" families
Role of personal relationships in business
Exclusionism - Treat people according to group affiliation
Universalism - Treat people as individuals
(Hofstede, 2010)
(Lee, & Liu, 2012)
LONG TERM ORIENTATION
Balance between long term
opportunity and short term satisfaction
Horizontal coordination - networks
Fostering virtues related to
the past and present
(Hofstede, 2010)
(Lee, & Liu, 2012)
AVOIDANCE OF UNCERTAINTY
Role-orientated society
Need for rules and structure
Anxiety when facing unknown situations
(Hofstede, 2010)
(Lee, & Liu, 2012)
MASCULINITY VS FEMININITY
Bias in the cultural environment of men and women
Masculinity - Equal rights to women
Competitive
Assertive
Distribution of roles of men and women in society
Femininity - Change society
Polite
Modest
(Hofstede, 2010)
(Afaneh, Khaireddin, Sanjuq & Quaddoumi, 2014)
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