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Glycolysis (ATP GENERATING PHASE (One phosphate is removed to form 3…
Glycolysis
ATP GENERATING PHASE
- One phosphate is removed to form 3-phosphglycerate. The removed phosphate is transferred to ADP to make ATP via substrate-level Phosphorylation.
- The phosphate is moved into another locaon forming 2-phosphoglycerate.
- Dihydroxyacetone phosphate is somerized into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is oxidized to 1,3-biophosphoglycerate. NAHD is produced
5, Condensation occurs to form phosphenolpyruvate. The phosphate group is destablised
- Dihydroxyacetone phosphate is generated into a second glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate. This reacon involves the enzyme triose phosphate isomerase.
- Phosphate group is removed to form Pyruvate. The phosphate is transferred to ADP to produce ATP
PREPARATION PHASE
- Glucose-6-phosphate is rearranged into the structural isomer fructose-6-phosphate. This is done by the enzyme phosphoglucose ismoerase. This converts the aldose to ketose.
- Substrate fructose-6-phosphate is phosphorylated to fructose 1, 6- biphosphate. The enzyme involvedinto this reacon is phosphofructokinase. The source of the phosphoryl group is from ATP.
- Product of step three are split into two di2erent 3-carbon intermediates by the enzyme aldolase.Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate.
- Substrate glucose, enters the cells via transporters GLUT1, GLUT2 and GLUT4, is phosphorylated to glucose-6-phosphate by the enzyme hexokinase. This reaction requires ATP hydrolysis. ATP is required to make the reaction favourable.Glucose + ATP will produce Glucose-6-physophate + ADP + Pi
REGULATION OF GLYCOLYSIS
Here are three enzymes which contribute to the regulation of Glycolysis. These enzymes are Hexokinase,phosphofructokinase-1 and Pyruvate kinase
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Hexokinase – Inhibited by glucose-6-phosphate. This is feedback inhibition as hexokinase is involved in the formation of this substrate.
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Pyruvate kinase – inhibited by ATP and activated by fructose-1,6- biphosphate.
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