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A 70 year old woman has a viral infection in her lungs and pneumonia (Lung…
A 70 year old woman has a viral infection in her lungs and pneumonia
Patient may be able to fight by drinking plenty of fluids and rest since there are no real ways to treat a viral infection.
Taking certain medications may also help relieve symptoms
If viral infection does worsen then patient could experience even more difficulty breathing and shortness of breathe
Could be fatal and result in the patient dying
Patient may be able to recover from pneumonia if they consistently take the antibiotics prescribed
If the antibiotics prescribed do not rid the lungs of the fluid then the patient may continue to experience shortness of breathe and difficulty breathing
This could result in the patient dying
Pneumonia could be harder to fight due to a weakened immune system due to old age
Wet, wheezy cough may be from fluid left in lungs and from the body trying to natural clear the fluid that’s in your airways
The fluid in her lungs could be due to irritation of the alveoli due to the viral infection
If the antibiotics do work then the fluid should empty out of the lungs and the patient should be able to recover
Moving to an area with a higher altitude that contains less oxygen molecules making oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange harder
Weaker respiratory system due to old age since respiratory muscle decrease with age
Lung anatomy
There are two types of alveolar cells found in the alveolar walls and a large phagocytic cell
Type 1 and Type 2
Type 1: single layer of squamous epithelium
Type 2: secrete surfactant and antimicrobial proteins
Phagocytic cells moves in the lumens of the alveoli and in the connective tissue between them
Bronchial tree : stretch into every part of the lung.
Bronchioles: small tubes that stretch all across the lungs that branches off the bronchial tree
Alveoli: small air sacs at the end of the bronchiole tube that help add surface area to give plenty of room for oxygen to pass through the body
Alveolar pores: connect adjacent alveoli that equalize air pressure throughout the lung and provide alternate routes in case of blockages
Alveolar macrophage: keep alveolar surfaces sterile
Hilum: found on the mediastinal surface and is the site of entry and exit of flood vessels, bronchi, lymphatic vessels, and nerves
Right lung : superior, middle, inferior lobes
Left lung: separated into superior and inferior lobes and is smaller than the right due to position of heart
Cardiac bitch: concavity for heart to fit into
Pleural fluid: fills slitlike pleural cavity between two parietal and visceral pleurae and provides lubrication and surface tension that assists in expansion and recoil of lungs
Respiratory physiology at alveoli level
alveoli help perform 3 different functions when it comes to the respiration process
Ventilation: moving air in and out of the lungs
Diffusion: oxygen-carbon dioxide exchange
Perfusion: pumping blood through your lungs
Partial pressure of oxygen is high in the alveoli and low in the blood of pulmonary capillaries
Decreased oxygen particles due to higher elevation can cause a decrease in partial pressure resulting in a lessened diffusion gradient and a decrease in partial pressure in oxygen
Fick’s law of diffusion states that diffusion of gas across the alveolar membrane increase with increased surface area of the membrane, increased alveolar pressure difference, increased solubility of the gas, and decreased membrane thickness
Inflammation in the lungs
Inflammation can be caused when an irritating substances irritates and inflamed the alveoli in the lungs
This can make it difficult for oxygen to pass through the alveoli into the bloodstream
Old age can decrease respiration muscle, which can progress lung function, and can make it harder to cough which is important for clearing the airway and
Viral infection that could have been contributed to old age and less oxygen diffusion due to higher elevation
An inability for the respiratory system to properly exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide can cause a lack of oxygen rich blood to circulate through the body
Not enough oxygen rich blood can cause rises in heart rate and blood pressure making the patient prone to heart attacks and other heart complications
Could result in death