English 4
Food
Fruits and Vegetable
Seasoning and Condiments
Diets
Vocabulary
Counts Nouns
Vocabulary
Cucumber:
Onion:
Banana:
Carrot:
Potato:
Orange:
Pineapple:
Discusion Non-count nouns refer to things that can't be counted because they are thought of as
wholes that can't be cut into parts. They often refer to abstractions and occasionally
have a collective meaning (for example, furniture). Combinations of Nouns and Articles
The following chart shows articles that correspond to kinds of nouns. Notice that this, that,
these, and those have been included because, like the, they mark the noun that they modify
as definite, which means that the noun refers 1) to a unique individual or 2) to some person,
event, or object known to both the writer and reader from their general knowledge or from
what has been previously mentioned in a piece of writing.
Non-Count Nousa noun (such as “sand” or “butter”) that refers to something that cannot be counted. ◊ Noncount nouns do not have a plural form and are not used with the indefinite articles a and an. — called also mass noun
Vocabulary
Onion:
b. Red pepper:
c. Salt:
d. Copper:
e. Garlic:
f. Pepper:
g. Celery:
h. Chestnut:
i. Acacia:
j. Chili:
k. Mulberry:
Discusion
Read Nouns and Articles
Choosing which article to use (if any) with a noun is a complex matter because the
range of choices depends on whether the noun in question is 1) count or non-count and
2) singular or plural. Both count nouns (whether singular or plural) and non- count
nouns take articles.
Some, Any, Little
Little: only used with uncountable nouns, synonym for hardly any, not much
e.g. Look at the sky, there is little hope for bright and sunny weather tomorrow.
A little: only used with uncountable nouns, synonym for a small amount, some.
e.g. Is there? The weather forecast says there is still a little hope.
Few: with countable nouns, synonym for hardly any, not many
e.g. Few people attended the meeting. I counted only 4.
A few: with countable nouns, synonym for a small number, some
e.g. A few people asked me how I felt. That was nice.
Vocabulary
Kettle
b. Cup
c. Wine
d. Water
e. Glass
Discusion
Strictly speaking, our “diet” is whatever we eat. For some years, however, the term
has been synonymous with weight loss. It conjured up images of calorie counting,
carbohydrate charts, and fat grams, all topped with a helping of discipline, and maybe a
lapse or two on the side. Nutrition and health often were meager portions if they were
served at all.
Use measure words with non-count
nouns. For example: Measure words can also be for count nouns
For example:
Three bottles of milk.
Two cans of soda pop.
A pound of ground beef Containers and
Quantifiers Containers
bag box bottle
Measurements
pound ounce gram
Other Quantifiers
bunch piece loaf
a noun (such as bean or sheet) that forms a plural and is used with a numeral, with words such as many or few, or with the indefinite article a or an
a) pan: sartén
b) Pancake: panqueque
c) Tablespoon: cuchara
d) Many: muchas (os), cuántos?
e) Much: muchos (as), ¿cuántos?
f) Count: contar
g)Bowl: tazón
h) Mix: mezclar
i) Flour: harina
j) Milk: leche
k)Cup: taza
l) Blueberry: arándano
m) Oil: aceite
n)Bottle: botella
o)Cook: cocinar
p)Butter: mantequilla
Discusion
Discusion nouns refer to things that exist as separate and distinct individual units. They
usually refer to what can be perceived by the senses.
Examples:
a. Table b. chair c. bow
Pluralizing The Rule
From the definitions of mass and count given above you may have already guessed the
rule for pluralizing them:
most count nouns pluralize with -s
non-count nouns don't pluralize at all
An Exception to the Rule
For a number of nouns, the rule needs slight revision. Certain nouns in English belong
to both classes: they have both a non-count and a count meaning. Normally the noncount meaning is abstract and general and the count meaning concrete and specific