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Changes in Sector Employment (Globalisation (This has lead countries…
Changes in Sector Employment
Raw Materials
The source of raw materials such as iron and copper, often become exhausted
when this happens, manufactures may change their location
Most manufacturing is no longer ties to the coalfields, as was the case in the UK in the 19th and early 20th centuries
Much of the energy needed by manufacturing now comes from electricity
Electricity can be supplied to any location by grid networks
oil and gas are distributed by pipelines and tankers
Globalisation
This is the process by which the countries of the world are being gradually drawn together into a single global economy by a growing network of links and organisations
This has lead countries becoming increasingly dependent on each other
All places can concentrate on their economic strengths
Kenya is now able to grow fresh fruit, vegetables and flowers for markets in Europe
Competitively-priced cars made in South Korea are easily and cheaply shipped around the world
Government policies
Any responsible government will be concerned about their country's economy and its future prospects
UK --> policies have aimed at supporting agriculture and encouraging services to compensate for the loss of jobs in manufacturing
CHINA --> there has been a concentrated effort to expand the secondary sector and to produce manufactures goods for a global market
Demographic and social changes
The increasing population raises the demand for a range of goods and services such as food, manufacture home appliances and schools and medical services
The growth of these goods and services will boost the economic sectors, but to varying degrees.
Population growth also means more workers and this encourage the growth of economic activities needing a plentiful supply of labour
Other demographic changes occur as a country moves along the development pathway leading to an increase in the tertiary sector
People earn money --> more money to spend on basic requirements such as food and clothing
People spend the extra money on non-essential goods and services such as entertainment, eating out and recreation
People's preferences change and this impacts on the tertiary sector; e.g. people in HICs now prefer to shop on a weekly basis at superstores and retail parks rather than making daily visits to a local shop
New Technology
creates new industries, called high-tech industries, such as aerospace, biotechnology, robotics and telecommunications
It also creates new product and services such as the smart phone, tablets, laptop and MP3 player. New services connected with ICT include website designers and software programmers
Advances are constantly made in technology. Many of these advances impact directly on the economic sectors
It also had a major impact on transport, greatly reducing the friction of distance.
It is now possible to move people and goods much more quickly and relatively cheaply. The transfer of information around the world is almost instantneous
The mechanisation of of agriculture and manufacturing has reduced the demand for labour
The labour no longer required by farming moved into manufacturing. Later, the labour made redundant by industrial machinery has found alternative work in the tertiary sector