Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Pneumonia (Clinical Presentation (Dyspnoea & breathlessness - since…
Pneumonia
Clinical Presentation
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Symptoms of; fever, night sweats, raised respiratory rate, productive cough and ABSENCE OF UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT SYMPTOMS makes pneumonia more likely
-
Diagnosis
-
-
Biochemistry - urea, electrolytes & LFTs, renal function is required to assess severity
-
Microbiological tests - sputum culture & antibiotic sensitivities, blood culture, serology
-
-
-
Risk Factors
-
-
Co-morbidities - HIV, Diabetes, cystic fibrosis, COPD, Bronchiectasis
-
-
-
-
Treatment
First dose of antibiotics should be administered within 4 hours of presentation in hospital and treatment should not be delayed whilst investigations are awaited
-
-
-
-
-
Key Facts
-
Usually due to infection affecting distal airways and alveoli with the formation of an inflammatory exudate
-
Usually classified by the setting which the person has contracted their infection:
- Community-acquired
- Hospital-acquired
- Immunocompromised patients
- Aspiration pneumonia
-
Pathophysiology
-
HOWEVER when the host defence is overwhelmed the alveolar macrophages change roles and instead coordinate response
-
Normally this is resolved and bacteria are cleared with the inflammatory cells being removed by apoptosis
Bacteria translocate to the normally sterile distal airway where they overwhelm resident host defence
-
-