does not include TV programs, feature films, magazines, books or paper-based publications as the term new media implies a degree of interaction with the audience

traditional media are likely to predate the media that has emerged in the 1990s

the transmission of information, thought or opinions at a time to a large number of heterogeneous audiences

specialized advertising media that has a wide range of purpose- to disseminate information pertaining to topics such as education, entertainment, and specialized areas that businesses and consumers see a need for

some forms of printed media have a a huge fan base and thus has much readership

printed media has a short life span and thus is not an advisable way to garner readership for advertisements

it requires audiences to purchase a particular brand of newspapers, whereas the internet is widely accessible and flexible for reader's use

the internet's reach is arguably much wider than that of printed media, and is expected to grow much more in the coming years.

controlled by the government and corporations ( who are likely to be held accountable to laws, and thus are more inclined to work for the benefit of society)

allows prompt and consisce delivery of informtion to consumers ; is widely available ; low-cost source of information

can have poor representation and quality (dependent on external factors such as the government's involvement in the dispersion of information): has a short life span due to the fact that it is likely to portray the events that has occurred within days of the printed edition; negates the poor and illeterate

flexible; provides a more in-depth analysis of the issues ( for local/ national newspapers) ; has a broad range of coverage; is considered an all-in-one package as there is a multitude of topics covered in one newspaper; it involves readers actively

its use of graphics, colours and illustrations attract viewership while helping disperse detailed information which accompany the flashy designs

consumers are likely to keep magazines since they are relatively more expensive than other types of printed media and thus are not dumped after single use ; has high reader involvement; can be classified to local/international categories; can reach specialized groups.

high cost; limited viewership; low flexibility; printing process is relatively complex

effective in establishing a favorable response from consumers- they are more inclined to try out products etc.

could result in consumer fatigue and thus ineffective advertisements as consumers will associate products/brands with negative emotions such as annoyance

advertisement are likely to get lost // has low readership due to high levels of competition

considered to be the principal source of information for many individuals; it is believed to be the most authoritative and influential medium for mass audiences; is a multi-sensory experience (sight, sound, motion) which further involves viewers

powerful way of conveying messages using audio and visual media, wide coverage and cost effective: FOR ADVS, there is a long life span due to the intrusive and repetitive nature they can take on television; offers consumers a wide-array of choices

not privately available for the poor; high cost for both consumers and producers; limited attention by viewers; advertisements can be intrusive due to the fact that consumers can't control their duration

personal medium that offers selectivity, cost efficiency and flexibility to consumers

wide coverage; is widely available for the masses; due to its cheaper cost of purchase, it is also more available to the poor and illiterate. it also offers high selectivity for consumers due to the multitude of channels and is cost efficient for both producers and consumers

only involves sense of hearing; messages are short-lived; efficiency of message is dependent precision of script, accompanying sounds and level of distortion

large exposure; companies have maximised their costs as people are unable to skip through advertisements; there is always a significant market for both movies and videos

audience irritation can ensue; advertisements have a limited frequency.

• relatively more long term than the other 3 medias mentioned above

It is used by individuals, companies, governments, security agencies and researchers. Arguably, it has changed the social fabric in the recent years and is expected to have farther-reaching consequences in the future. social media has not only allowed for the dispersion of more information, it also has granted individuals the platform to share their own information.

instant news and information (real-time updates)

encourages awareness and activism movements

rapid exchange of ideas+ high degree of social collaboration

furthermore, there is a distinct lack in the interaction with people in the real world context, thus severely limiting their interactions with others in a deep and emphatic way.

misleading information; extreme case - propaganda/ self-radicalisation

allows individuals to share ideas and thoughts on the same platform (more of a collaborative tool)

such platforms promote and encourage youths to participate in trends (mainly for the purpose of amusement). i