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CAUSES OF THE GENOCIDE (Long term (SOCIO ECONOMIC FACTORS (Ethnic balance…

- - - - Population growth of 3% put pressure on living standards and increased land hunger
      - Rwanda = one of the most densely populated countries, as well as one of the smallest
    - - Even before civil war & fall of coffee prices, over 85% of population lived below poverty line
      - Coffee = Rwanda's principal export --> drastic fall in coffee prices in the 1980s worsened the situation
      - Worsened by guerrilla war waged from 1991
    - - 89.8% Hutu
      - 9.8% Tutsi
      - 0.4% Twa
      - Ruled by Tutsi minority until Rwandan civil war in 1959 - 1962
  - - - Struggle for power
      - Akazu clan of Habyarimana were determined to keep power (Hutu)
      - RPF (Tutsi) could not cope with the discrimination faced under majority rule, especially when they had been the elite
  - - - Kagame's army fought for Museveni in Uganda
      - Experienced and battle-hardened troops
      - Ugandan support increased chances of RPF rebellion and takeover
    - - Somalia Syndrome
      - Reluctance to intervene in Rwanda