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Female; age 70; moved from Fort Worth to Denver; difficulty breathing;…
Female; age 70; moved from Fort Worth to Denver; difficulty breathing; viral lung infection; fast, shallow breathing; wet, wheezy cough
Downstream effects
Nervous
Fast, shallow breathing due to increased sympathetic activity
Fluid in the lungs
Irritation of pneumonia (infection) and fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema) causes wheezing and coughing
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Gas exchange
Atmospheric pressure decreases with altitude, so the alveolar and arterial partial pressures of oxygen decrease, which decreases gas exchange
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Advanced age
Bone thinning and shape change, muscle weakening; less chest rise and fall
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Pseudostratified respiratory epithelium; Columnar ciliated, goblet, and basal cells
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Gas diffusion/exchange
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Henry's law
P = kC
At a constant temperature, the amount of a gas dissolved in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas in equilibrium with that liquid.
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Upper respiratory tract
Conducting zone
Larynx
Glottis
Thyroid cartilage
Vocal folds
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Muscle, ligament & mucosa
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Nose
Nostrils
Nasal vestibule
Nasal cavity
Nasal septum
Nasal conchae
Superior, middle, inferior
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