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CAUSES of the RWANDAN GENOCIDE - 1994 (colonial past (international…
CAUSES of the RWANDAN GENOCIDE - 1994
loss of political power
Hutus
wanted to retain control
racist ideology
small, powerful elite
fed off Habyarimana's propaganda
radical Hutu ideology
portrayed Tutsis as cockroaches
blamed Tutsis for all society's problems
President Habyarimana
RPF attacks
used them to strengthen nationalist sentiment
used them to further his radical ideology
did not consider them a serious threat
government: presented itself as a unifying force against an external enemy,
helped reinforce his own position
was losing popularity
ethnic divide
taught in school
spread in the media
expressed through myths
colonial past
France
France
troops present in Rwanda
supported Habyarimana regime
financially
militarily
diplomatically
colonial powers promoted growth of
poverty
ethnic division
international community
did not cause genocide deliberately
failed to intervene
UN
did not act
Rwandan government noticed they could get away with extremist policies
socio-economic factors
ethnic balance
ethnic quota for labour 1978
Tutsi (9.8%)
Twa (0.4%)
Hutu (89.8%)
1959–1962 revolution
336,000 Tutsi forced to seek refuge in neighbouring countries
A group of these refugees in Uganda founded the RPF
Tutsi monarchy replaced by Hutu-led republic
overpopulation
competition for land
one of the smallest countries in the world
10,000 square miles
poverty
developing country
5 million people
high birth rates (av. 6 children per woman)
low life expectancy (50 years)
over 85% of Rwanda's population lived below the poverty line.
lack of resources
bad conditions after independence
rising prices
exports
depended on world prices outside of local control
prices plummeted in 1989 - major impact on the Rwandan economy
coffee accounted for 75% (over-reliance)
assasination of President Habyarimana & Burundi's President
plane crash
travelling back from negotiating Arusha Accords
6 April 1994
was a coup d'état.
suspects
France (plane was a gift from president)
Théoneste Bagosora
in president's inner circle
against Arusha Accords
threat to Hutu-dominated Rwanda
threat to his power
access to president's travel schedual
in charge of Anti-Aircraft Battalion (LAA) .
had anti-aircraft missiles
in charge of airport security
interim government accused the Belgians
RPF
immediate cause of genocide
started immediately after in Kigali
lasted 100 days
both were Hutu
Deborah Topf