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60 year-old woman who experienced myocardial infarction (Heart anatomy,…
60 year-old woman who experienced myocardial infarction
effects on body
Respiratory system - its not able to pump efficiently, blood can back up into the veins that take blood through the lungs. As the pressure in these blood vessels increases, fluid is pushed into the air spaces (alveoli) in the lungs.
Urinary system-This causes pressure to build in the main vein connected to your kidneys, which may lead to a blockage and a reduced supply of oxygen rich blood to the kidneys.
Nervous system- is activated and the imbalance of the activity of the SNS and vagal activity interaction occurs
Heart anatomy
Aorta
The aorta is the largest blood vessel in the body. This artery is responsible for transporting oxygen rich blood from your heart to the rest of your body. The aorta begins at the left ventricle of the heart, extending upward into the chest to form an arch.
superior vena cava
short length vein that receives venous return from the upper half of the body, above the diaphragm.
aortic valve
Closes off the lower left chamber that holds the oxygen-rich blood before it is pumped out to the body. Opens to allow blood to leave the heart
Right pulmonary artery
t passes transversely across the midline in the upper chest and passes below the aortic arch to enter the hilum of the right lung as part of its root.
pulmonary valve
Opens to allow blood to be pumped from the heart to the lungs (through the pulmonary artery) where it will receive oxygen.
pulmonary trunk
major vessel of the human heart that originates from the right ventricle. It branches into the right and left pulmonary arteries, which lead to the lungs.
left ventricle
responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to tissues all over the body
right pulmonary vein
responsible for carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the left atrium of the heart.
papillary muscle
They attach to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves the chordae tendineae contract to prevent inversion or prolapse of these valves on systole
right atrium
receives deoxygenated blood from the body through the vena cava and pumps it into the right ventricle which then sends it to the lungs to be oxygenated.
epicardium
protect the inner heart layers and also assists in the production of pericardial fluid
Fossa ovalis
is the remnant of a thin fibrous sheet that covered the foramen ovale during fetal development.
tricuspid valve
a valve that is situated at the opening of the right atrium of the heart into the right ventricle and that resembles the mitral valve in structure but consists of three triangular membranous flaps.
right ventricle
The lower right chamber of the heart that receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium and pumps it under low pressure into the lungs via the pulmonary artery.
trabeculae carneae
are rounded or irregular muscular columns which project from the inner surface of the right and left ventricle of the heart. These are different from the pectinate muscles, which are present in the atria of the heart.
inferior venacava
carrying blood from the head, arms, and upper body
left pulmonary artery
is the shorter of the two terminal branches of the pulmonary trunk. It pierces the pericardium (the sac around the heart) and enters the hilum of the left lung.
left atrium
Oxygen-rich blood from the lungs enters the left atrium through the pulmonary vein. The blood is then pumped into the left ventricle chamber of the heart through the mitral valve
left pulmonary veins
connect with the left lung, and the lungs themselves are filled with hollow air sacs called alveoli.
mitral (biscupid ) valve
the valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle of the heart, consisting of two tapered cusps.
myocardium
muscular wall of the heart, or the heart muscle. It contracts to pump blood out of the heart and then relaxes as the heart refills with returning blood.
endocardium
innermost layer of tissue that lines the chambers of the heart. Its cells are embryologically and biologically similar to the endothelial cells that line blood vessels, provides protection to the valves and heart chambers.
septum
prevents mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
roles
valves
Prevent the backward flow of blood.They act as one-way inlets of blood on one side of a ventricle and one-way outlets of blood on the other side of a ventricle.
pupillary muscle
contract to prevent inversion or prolapse of these valves on ventricular contraction
causes of normal and abnormal sound of heart caused by y the closing of the atrioventricular valves and semilunar valves, respectively.
Normal
lum (S1)
dub(S2)
Abnormal
If a valve doesn't close tightly and some blood leaks backward, this is called regurgitation or a valve has become too narrow or becomes stiff, this is known as stenosis
related
heart function
blood pressure
respiratory rate
Even though your heart is beating more times a minute, healthy blood vessels dilate (get larger) to allow more blood to flow through more easily. When you exercise, your heart speeds up so more blood can reach your muscles.
concepts
heart rate
is the speed of the heartbeat measured by the number of contractions (beats) of the heart per minute (bpm)l needs, including the need to absorb oxygen and excrete carbon dioxide
stroke volume
The amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle of the heart in one contraction
afterload
pressure the heart must work against to eject blood during ventricular contraction. As aortic and pulmonary pressures increase, the afterload increases on the left and right ventricles respectively.
cardiac output
The amount of blood the heart pumps through the circulatory system in a minute
preload
stretching of the cardiac myocytes prior to contraction
mean arterial pressure
necessary for adequate perfusion of the organs of the body. It is to have a MAP of at least 60 mmHg to provide enough blood to the coronary arteries, kidneys, and brain
peripheral resistance
arteries to blood flow as the arteries constrict, the resistance increases and as they dilate, resistance decreases
factors
direct factors
high blood pressure ,heart disease, age
indirect factors
breaths per minute
What is a myocardial infarction?
in other words its a heart attack occurs when a coronary artery, one of the arteries that supplies blood to the heart muscle, becomes suddenly blocked.