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Disorders of erythrocytes (Evaluating non-regenerative anemia (• Bone…

- - - - Chronic renal failure
        
        Decreased production of erythropoietin
        
        Reduction in red cell lifespan, due to uremic
        toxins
        
        High BUN:Creatinine ratio may predict
        concurrent GI blood loss
        
        Can be treated with EPO
      - Endocrine diseases
        
        Estrogen and (cortisol) inhibit the releasing
        of Epo
        
        hypoadrenocorticism>>GI hemorrhage
      - Anemia of chronic inflammatory disease
      - Immune-mediated destruction of precursorspure red cell aplasia
      - Chronic liver disease
      - Infections destruction of precursors (usually
        one cell line involved) e.g. erlichiosis
    - - Toxicities – drugs or chemicals, hormones (estrogen)
        
        Estrogen toxicity secondary to abortifacient
        therapy
        
        Sertoli cell tumor
      - Infections
        
        FeLV, FIV, ehrlichiosis, parvoviral
        infection
      - Infiltrative process
        
        增生性疾病、腫瘤
    - - Cobalamin (Vit B12) and/or folate
        deficiencyaplasia
        
        cat EPI
      - Disruption of precursor metabolism: lead,
        arsenic, aluminum, cadmium
        
        Inhibit heme synthesis
        
        Renal toxicity and impaired EPO production
      - Iron deficiency(再生>非再生)
  - - - GI ulcer bleeding
      - Tumor bleeding
      - Trauma/surgery
      - Coagulopathy (warfarin, hemophilia)
      - Blood sucking parasites (Flea, tick)
    - - PFK) deficiency遺傳
      - Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia(IMHA)
        
        primary
        
        SLE
        
        Neonatal isoerythrolysis
        
        Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
        
        ?
        
        secondary(貓多)
        
        Infectious causes
        
        Drugs
        
        Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia腫瘤相關
      - PK) deficiency遺傳
      - Infection-associated (Barbasia by tickFLV,mycoplasma)
      - Chemical/ toxin induced oxidative damage
        
        Heinz body may exist
      - Microangiopathic(caused by mechanical damage)
        
        Acanthocyte
        
        DIC
        
        Hemangiosarcoma
        
        Schistocyte ( 碎裂紅血球）
      - Severe hypophosphatemia(常見於貓DKA)
- - - - Chronic myeloproliferative
        disease
      - Polycythemia rubra vera
      - not controlled by normal
        feedback
  - - - Right to left cardiovascular
        shunting, PDA>>手術治療
      - 高海拔地區生活
      - Chronic pulmonary disease
      - renal tumor
      - Hyperthyroidism (cat)